Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration | Week 8 | SCIENCE 9 - QUARTER 1 (MELC 5)

Summary

In this educational video, Sir Emman, a public school science teacher, explores the fundamental processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration, essential for understanding energy conversion in living organisms. He explains that photosynthesis, occurring in plants, algae, and certain bacteria, uses sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. Cellular respiration, on the other hand, takes place in all living cells, particularly in mitochondria, where glucose and oxygen are broken down to release energy in the form of ATP. The video contrasts these processes, highlighting their significance in sustaining life and the environment.

Takeaways

• 🌱 Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert sunlight into chemical energy in the form of sugar or carbohydrates.
• 🏃‍♂️ Cellular respiration is the process by which all living organisms break down complex molecules like sugar to release energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
• 🌞 The primary source of energy for life on Earth is the sun, which powers both photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
• 🍃 Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts, the organelles in plant cells that contain the pigment chlorophyll, which absorbs light.
• 🔋 Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria, often referred to as the powerhouse of the cell, where energy is released from sugar molecules.
• 🌿 Autotrophs, such as plants, are capable of producing their own food through photosynthesis, while heterotrophs rely on consuming other organisms for energy.
• 🔄 Photosynthesis consists of two stages: the light-dependent reaction, which requires sunlight and produces ATP and NADPH, and the light-independent reaction (Calvin cycle), which uses these molecules to produce sugar.
• ♻️ Cellular respiration involves several steps, including glycolysis, pyruvate processing, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain, to convert sugar and oxygen into ATP, carbon dioxide, and water.
• 🌐 Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration are essential for the balance of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the atmosphere, contributing to the Earth's ecosystems.
• 🔬 Understanding these two processes is crucial for learning about energy transfer and the role of plants in sustaining life on Earth.

Q & A

What is the essential learning competency in science for the topic of photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

The essential learning competency is to differentiate the basic features and importance of photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

What is the primary source of energy required for performing various activities?

The primary source of energy required for performing activities is the sun, which provides energy through sunlight.

What are autotrophs and how are they related to photosynthesis?

Autotrophs are organisms, like plants, some bacteria, and algae, capable of making their own food through the process of photosynthesis.

What is the role of chlorophyll in the process of photosynthesis?

Chlorophyll is the pigment in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy and gives plants their green color; it plays a crucial role in the photosynthesis process.

What are the reactants and products of the photosynthesis process?

The reactants in photosynthesis are carbon dioxide, water, and light energy, while the products are sugar (glucose) and oxygen.

What are the two stages of photosynthesis and what happens in each?

The two stages of photosynthesis are the light-dependent reaction, which occurs in the thylakoid membranes and produces ATP and NADPH, and the light-independent reaction (Calvin cycle), which occurs in the stroma and uses ATP and NADPH to produce carbohydrates.

How does cellular respiration differ from photosynthesis in terms of where it occurs?

Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria of all living cells, unlike photosynthesis, which occurs in the chloroplasts of plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria.

What is the purpose of cellular respiration?

The purpose of cellular respiration is to break down complex molecules like sugar to release energy in the form of ATP.

What are the reactants and products of the cellular respiration process?

The reactants in cellular respiration are sugar and oxygen, and the products are carbon dioxide, water, and energy in the form of ATP.

What are the different stages of cellular respiration?

The stages of cellular respiration are glycolysis, pyruvate processing (oxidation), the Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle), and the electron transport chain.

How do photosynthesis and cellular respiration relate to each other in the context of energy?

Photosynthesis converts sunlight into chemical energy stored in sugar, while cellular respiration breaks down sugar to release energy in the form of ATP, thus they are complementary processes in the energy cycle.

Outlines

00:00

🌱 Introduction to Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Sir Emman, a science teacher, introduces the topic of photosynthesis and cellular respiration, emphasizing their importance in the curriculum for science students. He uses everyday activities to illustrate the need for energy and explains that energy is derived from food and sunlight. Photosynthesis is described as the process by which plants and certain bacteria convert sunlight into chemical energy in the form of sugar or carbohydrates. The process is central to autotrophs, which are organisms that can produce their own food. The teacher invites students to compare these processes side by side, setting the stage for a deeper exploration of the mechanisms involved.

05:02

🌳 Exploring the Mechanism of Photosynthesis

The second paragraph delves into the specifics of photosynthesis, highlighting that it occurs in chloroplasts, which contain the pigment chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is responsible for absorbing light and giving plants their green color. The process involves carbon dioxide and water, along with light energy, to produce sugar and oxygen. The chemical equation for photosynthesis is presented, and the paragraph explains the two stages of photosynthesis: the light-dependent reaction, which requires sunlight and produces ATP and NADPH, and the light-independent reaction, also known as the Calvin cycle, which does not require light and uses ATP and NADPH to produce carbohydrates.

10:19

🔬 The Significance of Photosynthesis in Ecosystems

Paragraph three discusses the broader implications of photosynthesis, noting its role in reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide and producing essential carbohydrates and oxygen. The paragraph transitions into cellular respiration, which is the process of breaking down sugar to release energy in the form of ATP. Cellular respiration is described as a process that occurs in all living organisms, primarily in the mitochondria. The paragraph outlines the stages of cellular respiration, including glycolysis, pyruvate processing, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain, which ultimately convert sugar and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water, and ATP.

15:19

🌟 Comparing Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

The final paragraph provides a comparative overview of photosynthesis and cellular respiration. It contrasts the two processes, noting that photosynthesis occurs in plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria, while cellular respiration occurs in all living organisms. The paragraph summarizes the locations, reactants, and products of each process, emphasizing how photosynthesis uses sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce sugar and oxygen, whereas cellular respiration uses sugar and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and ATP. The video concludes with a hopeful message that the information has been helpful for understanding these vital biological processes.

Keywords

💡Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert sunlight into chemical energy in the form of glucose or other sugars. This process is crucial for life on Earth as it provides the oxygen we breathe and the organic compounds that serve as the basis of the food chain. In the video, photosynthesis is described as the 'production of something of sugar or carbohydrate using sunlight' and is detailed with the chemical equation and its two stages: light-dependent reactions and the light-independent Calvin cycle.

💡Cellular Respiration

Cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down complex molecules, such as glucose, to release energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). This energy is used by cells to perform various functions. The video explains that cellular respiration occurs in all living organisms and takes place in the mitochondria, where glucose and oxygen react to produce carbon dioxide, water, and ATP. It is the process by which the stored chemical energy in sugar is utilized.

💡Chloroplast

Chloroplasts are the organelles within plant cells that contain the pigment chlorophyll, which is essential for photosynthesis. They are described in the video as the site where 'light-dependent reactions' occur, where sunlight is converted into chemical energy. Chloroplasts are depicted as having an outer membrane, an inner membrane, and thylakoids, which are the sites of the light-dependent reactions.

💡Mitochondria

Mitochondria are often referred to as the 'powerhouses' of the cell because they generate most of the cell's supply of ATP, which is used as a source of chemical energy. In the context of the video, mitochondria are where cellular respiration takes place, breaking down glucose and oxygen to produce ATP, carbon dioxide, and water.

💡ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

ATP, or adenosine triphosphate, is the primary energy currency of the cell. It stores and transfers chemical energy within cells and is central to many processes, including muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, and cell division. The video explains that ATP is produced during photosynthesis and used during cellular respiration, highlighting its role as the 'energy currency of the cell'.

💡NADPH

NADPH, or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen, is an energy-carrying molecule produced during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. It is used in the Calvin cycle, the light-independent stage of photosynthesis, to fix carbon dioxide into glucose. The video mentions NADPH as a molecule that is 'needed on the next stage' of photosynthesis.

💡Calvin Cycle

The Calvin cycle, also known as the light-independent reaction or dark reaction, is the phase of photosynthesis that does not require light. It uses the energy from ATP and NADPH, produced in the light-dependent reactions, to fix carbon dioxide into glucose. The video describes the Calvin cycle as occurring in the 'stroma' of the chloroplast and being 'independent of light'.

💡Glycolysis

Glycolysis is the first step in cellular respiration where glucose is broken down into pyruvate, generating a small amount of ATP and NADH. The video mentions glycolysis as part of the process where 'sugar will be turned into energy in the form of ATP' during cellular respiration.

💡Krebs Cycle

The Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle, is a series of chemical reactions that generate energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from pyruvate, producing ATP, NADH, and FADH2, which are used in the electron transport chain to generate more ATP. The video refers to the Krebs cycle as a stage where 'sugar is broken down to release energy in the form of ATP'.

💡Electron Transport Chain

The electron transport chain is a series of protein complexes that use the energy from NADH and FADH2 to pump protons across a membrane, creating a proton gradient that drives the production of ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. The video describes it as the final stage in cellular respiration where 'sugar will be turned into energy in the form of ATP'.

Highlights

Energy is essential for performing various activities in daily life.

Energy is obtained through eating and sunlight, with the sun being the main source of energy on Earth.

Autotrophs, like plants, can produce their own food through photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis is the process of converting sunlight into chemical energy in the form of sugar or carbohydrates.

The chloroplast, containing chlorophyll, is the site of photosynthesis in plants and some bacteria.

Photosynthesis involves carbon dioxide and water, producing sugar and oxygen as by-products.

The chemical equation for photosynthesis shows the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using light energy.

Photosynthesis has two stages: light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle).

Light-dependent reactions occur in the thylakoid membranes and produce ATP and NADPH.

The Calvin cycle uses ATP and NADPH to fix carbon dioxide into carbohydrates.

Cellular respiration is the process of breaking down sugar to release energy in the form of ATP.

Cellular respiration takes place in the mitochondria of all living organisms.

The process of cellular respiration involves glycolysis, pyruvate processing, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.

Cellular respiration converts sugar and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water, and ATP.

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are essential processes for energy conversion in living organisms.

Photosynthesis reduces carbon dioxide and produces oxygen, while cellular respiration consumes oxygen and releases carbon dioxide.

The video provides a clear comparison between the basic features and processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

Transcripts

hi this is sir emman a public school

science teacher

it's a visionary topaz last topic but as

a quarter 1 and science 9.

synthesis and cellular respiration

processes nato make sure the panoram

atapus is

essential learning competency in science

nine which is

differentiate the basic features and

importance of photosynthesis and

cellular respiration

and basic features and the long process

and after we will be comparing them

side by side

and i want you first to take a look at

these pictures on the screen

first picture a couple

exercises next

picture an athlete a swimmer who is um

obviously swimming

third picture a singer trying to hit

a high note he does a expression

next you have a child who is thinking

thinking about something

next a woman who is right there at the

same time thinking about what she is

going to write

and lastly you have your dancers who are

performing their

dance step okay so here's the question

what do you think is required for us to

perform

this different activities

if you've answered energy then you are

actually correct you know

in science we define energy as the

capacity to do work

this is basically what we need for us to

to perform the different activities

in our daily life so far

now this actually leads us to the next

question how do we obtain

energy energy

now if you've answered through eating

then you're actually correct

through sunlight then you're actually

correct i know

actually it is the sun that is the main

source of energy

on this planet okay for organisms who

depend on other organisms for food and

power that is

we're not capable of making our own food

we depend on other organisms for food

okay

whereas this organism plants are capable

of making their own food

these are what we refer to as the

autotrophs

solitude photosynthesis and cellular

respiration

processes

and energy from the sun okay so

uh synthesis

photosynthesis so basically when you

speak of photosynthesis

it pertains to the process of converting

sun's energy into chemical energy in the

form of sugar

or carbohydrate so given the term itself

photosynthesis a photo means light and

synthesis

means production so it's production of

something

of sugar or carbohydrate using

sunlight okay

some photosynthetic bacteria and

because they're capable of making their

own food

okay so photosynthesis process of

synthesizing sugar

using sunlight okay and it basically

takes place in

autotrophs plants some bacteria

and algae now some other plants

uh photosynthesis it actually takes

place in the chloroplast an organelle

containing the pigment chlorophyll

that absorbs life

chromosomes

here's a larger picture of the

chloroplast

you have the outer membrane inner

membrane and the more structures

okay so this chloroplast contains the

chlorophyll which is the pigment that

absorbs light

okay it also is the one that gives

plants

its green color okay now aside from sun

this process actually involves carbon

dioxide so you

uh gaseous waste material acting in the

exhale

as we have discussed previously together

with water

we're acting with light energy again to

produce

sugar and at the same time oxygen so

another by-product of this process

is oxygen okay so with this we will be

able to come up with the chemical

equation

which is this so photosynthesis

um left part these are the reactants or

the ingredients

after nominal arrow and huma products

nonprocess that

so calarandito reactants or ingredients

would be carbon dioxide to exhale

so together with water reacting with

light

energy produces certain light energy

produces sugar in this case in the form

of glucose

spreading other forms of sugar and at

the same time

oxygen okay so this is the process

we call photosynthesis now this process

is actually consists of two stages

we have what we call light dependent

reaction and the other one

is the light independent reaction

so given the term itself light dependent

reaction so naka depends a light

this is the stage that requires photons

or energy

from the sun sunlight

okay it takes place within between tyler

coins

so you'll be able to see here pancake

like structures or dislike structures

so in between

so it makes use of light and at the same

time water to produce

oxygen so basically this is the face

where oxygen is produced and released to

the atmosphere so aside from oxygen it

produces two energy carrying molecules

you have atp or the adenosine

triphosphate

atp this is the energy currency of the

cell this is the form of energy

so it's a light dependent reaction it

will form atp

aside from atp it also produces nadph

or nicotinamide adenine nucleotide

phosphate hydrogen this is an energy

carrying molecule

that is needed uh on the next stage

which is the light independent reaction

okay so light dependent kellogg and into

another light

it happens in between the thylakoid it

produces oxygen

and these two energy carrying molecules

the atp which is the energy currency of

the cell

and the nadph which is needed on the

next

stage so put them in diagonal stage

we have light independent reaction or

also referred to as the calvin

cycle so given the term itself light

independent

independent shenanigans this stage does

not require

light it does not need light anymore

on stage okay would be dark reactions

independent reaction or calvin cycle

it is the stage of photosynthesis that

does not require light

okay

in the stroma still inside of the

chloroplasts

water and light energy lithium and

medium carbon dioxide

together with nadph one of the energy

carrying molecules and a produced

satellite reaction to form or produce

your carbohydrate

or sugar can you end up producing oxygen

to stage the monotonical produce

okay so or is a store in the form of

starch

stems that will allow them to

grow okay that's basically what

photosynthesis is all about

so you probably have seen how important

this process is i know

um it actually reduces the carbon

dioxide in the air

uh at the same time it produces the

carbohydrate that we need

uh can be source of our energy and also

gives us

the oxygen that we need

how do we make use of this stored energy

this chemical energy in the form of

sugar or

starch

it's actually through the process we

call cellular

respiration so international process

cellular respiration

so for cellular respiration this is the

process

of breaking down complex molecules such

as sugar

to release energy in the form of atp or

again adenosine

triphosphate so

respiration is a respiration

respiratory system when you speak of

respiration it means breathing

or exchange of gases when you speak of

cellular respiration

in the context of bioenergetics when

we're talking about energy

it's actually the process of breaking

down

so you have restored energy in the form

of sugar you break it down to release

that energy in the form of

atp the energy currency of the cell

parameter

so you product the sugar

after you know photosynthesis it'll be

broken down through the process

cellular respiration so unlike you

photosynthesis which takes place in

autotrophs

in plants and photosynthetic algae

i mean bacteria and algae cellular

respiration it actually occurs

in all living things

cellular respiration so if

photosynthesis takes place in the

chloroplast

cellular respiration takes place in the

mitochondria

the powerhouse of a cell we have here

an artist's rendition of an animal cell

in a plant cell

because it plants el shalom comparing

the two you make lot of plaster

perro pareos

or mitochondrion you know singular so

this basically

the place where cellular respiration

takes place

okay larger picture would be this so the

problem involved

aside from the sugar which is being

turned into

atp so adito it involves

sugar and oxygen so

to make use of the stored energy

okay reacting so they react together

to produce carbon dioxide that's uh the

waste material

water and the energy in the form of atp

so after cellular respiration using that

sugar and oxygen marinating energy

would be the sugar okay the chemical

energy

together with oxygen that

we need to inhale oxygen that brings

uh or resorts to

carbon dioxide production of carbon

dioxide

water and of course the energy in the

form of atp

which is needed by the cell there are

uh different steps or stages you have

first glycolysis

followed by the pyruvate processing or

oxidation

you have the krebs cycle or the citric

acid cycle and lastly you have the

electron transport chains after this

you adding sugar will be turned into uh

energy in the form of atp which will be

used by the body

okay now basic features in the long

process

side by side so you have your on one

side photosynthesis

and on the other side cellular

respiration

so tumeric is a photosynthesis when you

speak of photosynthesis

it occurs in plants algae and

photosynthetic bacteria cellular

respiration

it occurs in all living things

for the synthesis you make use of sun's

energy and then you convert that

into chemical energy in the form of

sugar

cellular respiration and sugar in the

man you broke

you broke it down to release energy in

the form of

atp okay so montgomery texila for

photosynthesis it takes place in the

chloroplast

the organelle containing the chlorophyll

which absorbs light

and cellular respiration it takes place

in the mitochondria

for photosynthesis you make use of

carbon dioxide

water and light energy to form sugar and

oxygen

and for cellular respiration you make

use of sugar and oxygen

to form carbon dioxide water and energy

in the form of atp now this ends

our video on photosynthesis and cellular

respiration hopefully this has helped

you

to understand the basic features of this

two important processes

and to compare and contrast them side by

side

in video para series not in paris the

first quarter in science night

somebody

see you on the next videos bye everyone

[Music]

you