Life processes Full chapter | class 10 Animated video | 10th BIOLOGY | ncert #science | Chapter 6

Summary

This educational script delves into life processes essential for the survival of organisms, focusing on nutrition, respiration, transportation, and excretion. It explains autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition, detailing plant photosynthesis and the human digestive system. The script further explores aerobic and anaerobic respiration, the human respiratory and circulatory systems, and plant transportation mechanisms. It concludes with an overview of excretion in both humans and plants, highlighting the importance of eliminating waste for maintaining life.

Takeaways

• 🌿 Life processes are essential for the survival of organisms, including nutrition, respiration, transportation, and excretion.
• 🍃 Autotrophic nutrition, such as photosynthesis in plants, involves the production of glucose and oxygen using sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water.
• 🌱 Heterotrophic nutrition is the consumption of other organisms for energy, including holozoic, saprophytic, and parasitic nutrition.
• 🌞 The process of photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts and is divided into light-dependent reactions in the thylakoid membranes and light-independent reactions in the stroma.
• 🌬 Respiration is the process of energy release from nutrients, with aerobic respiration requiring oxygen and anaerobic respiration not needing it.
• 💨 The human respiratory system involves the intake of oxygen through the nose and mouth, and the exchange of gases in the alveoli of the lungs.
• 🚀 The human circulatory system transports nutrients, oxygen, and waste materials throughout the body via the heart, blood, and blood vessels.
• 🌊 Plant transport systems, including xylem and phloem, facilitate the movement of water and nutrients throughout the plant.
• 💦 Transpiration in plants helps in the uptake and movement of water and minerals from the roots to the leaves.
• 🚰 Excretion is the elimination of waste products from organisms, with humans using a complex excretory system involving kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.
• 🌳 Plants excrete waste through various means, including releasing gases like oxygen, shedding leaves, and storing waste in cellular vacuoles or excreting it into the soil.

Q & A

What is the primary reason for the continuous movement of molecules in and out of a cell?

The continuous movement of molecules in and out of a cell is required for the cell to survive, as it allows the cell to get energy and build new complex molecules while also sending out waste molecules generated during metabolic activities.

How do plants obtain carbon dioxide for photosynthesis?

Plants obtain carbon dioxide through tiny pores called stomata located on the surface of leaves. The opening and closing of stomatal pores are regulated by specialized cells called guard cells to prevent excessive water loss.

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis in plants?

The chemical equation for photosynthesis is 6 CO2 + 12 H2O, which gives rise to C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6 O2 (oxygen) + 6 H2O (water), taking place in the presence of sunlight and with the help of chlorophyll.

How do plants acquire water necessary for photosynthesis?

Plants acquire water from the soil through their roots. The process involves the active transport of ions, which creates a concentration difference that allows water to enter the roots.

What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

Chlorophyll is the green pigment present in the chloroplasts of plant cells that absorbs sunlight and gets activated. It plays a crucial role in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, where it splits water molecules and uses the hydrogen to form glucose.

What are the different types of nutrition in living organisms?

The different types of nutrition are autotrophic nutrition, where organisms make their own food using inorganic substances, and heterotrophic nutrition, where organisms obtain readymade organic food by consuming other organisms.

How does heterotrophic nutrition differ from autotrophic nutrition?

Heterotrophic nutrition involves obtaining food by consuming other organisms, whereas autotrophic nutrition is the process by which organisms like green plants, algae, and some bacteria make their own food using simple inorganic substances with sunlight as the energy source.

What is the role of the digestive system in human beings?

The human digestive system is responsible for the ingestion, digestion, absorption, and excretion of food. It begins with the mouth and ends with the anus, with accessory glands like the liver, pancreas, and salivary glands aiding in the digestion process.

How does aerobic respiration differ from anaerobic respiration in terms of energy release and oxygen requirement?

Aerobic respiration requires oxygen and releases more energy compared to anaerobic respiration. In aerobic respiration, glucose is broken down into carbon dioxide and water, producing ATP. Anaerobic respiration, on the other hand, does not require oxygen and results in less ATP production, often leading to the production of lactic acid or ethanol.

What is the function of the lymphatic system in the human body?

The lymphatic system functions to absorb digested fats in the intestines, collect extracellular fluid, and return it to the bloodstream. It also plays a role in immune response by transporting white blood cells and removing waste products from tissues.

How do plants transport water and nutrients throughout the plant body?

Plants transport water and nutrients through two types of tissues: xylem, which transports water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves, and phloem, which transports food materials like glucose throughout the plant for growth and energy.

What is the process of excretion in plants, and how does it differ from that in animals?

In plants, excretion involves releasing waste products such as oxygen through stomata, shedding old leaves to get rid of stored waste, and excreting substances like resins and gums for defense. In contrast, animals have specialized organs for excretion, such as kidneys in humans, which filter waste from the blood and excrete it as urine.