Kriminologi - Pertemuan 2

Summary

In this lecture on criminology, the instructor explores the relationship between criminology and criminal law, emphasizing the importance of understanding societal perceptions of crime. Criminology is defined as the study of crime and its social implications, analyzing both the causes and responses to criminal behavior. The lecturer delves into the historical roots of criminology, its evolution, and its connection with laws and societal norms. Discussions cover the complexities of crime, law enforcement, and punishment, with a focus on the societal impact of criminal behavior. The lecture concludes with reflections on the importance of criminology in shaping effective legal systems.

Takeaways

• 😀 Criminology and criminal law are closely intertwined as criminology studies the acts considered evil or reprehensible, which then become the focus of criminal law.
• 😀 Not all reprehensible acts are included in criminal law; only those that the community collectively agrees are harmful are addressed in the legal system.
• 😀 Criminology as a science examines crime from various angles, such as lawmaking, violations, and the reactions to those violations.
• 😀 Sutherland's view on criminology emphasizes that it studies evil acts as social phenomena and includes the process of lawmaking, violations, and societal reactions.
• 😀 The history of criminology dates back to biblical times, with the first crime being the killing of Abel by Cain, illustrating the long-standing nature of crime in society.
• 😀 Crime is seen as a constant in society, and eradicating it entirely is impossible. Factors such as raising the standard of living have been shown not to effectively reduce crime rates.
• 😀 Criminology studies the causes behind criminal behavior, including societal influences, upbringing, and individual circumstances, as well as the impact of laws and norms.
• 😀 The study of criminology helps understand societal deviations and provides insights into why people commit crimes and how legal systems react to those deviations.
• 😀 The concept of 'crime' is constantly evolving, with the severity and nature of criminal acts being shaped by the impact they have on society and the social norms of the time.
• 😀 The study of criminology is beneficial in understanding the social reaction to deviations and determining when behaviors should be addressed by criminal law versus other societal mechanisms.

Q & A

What is the relationship between criminology and criminal law?

Criminology and criminal law are closely related. Criminology studies crime and societal reactions to crime, while criminal law defines what acts are prohibited and the punishments for those acts. They work together to understand and enforce laws regarding criminal behavior.

Why is it important to stay updated with crime news during criminology lectures?

Staying updated with crime news helps students understand the real-world application of criminology. By reading news on crime, students can relate criminology theories to actual events and gain a deeper understanding of how crimes are perceived and dealt with in society.

Why are not all reprehensible acts included in criminal law?

Not all reprehensible acts are included in criminal law because including every bad or immoral act could overwhelm the legal system. Laws are made based on community agreements and societal values, and only those acts considered dangerous or harmful are criminalized.

What are the primary focuses of criminology?

The primary focuses of criminology include understanding the definition and nature of crime, studying why people commit criminal acts, and exploring the consequences of these actions. Criminology also examines how crime is handled within society, including legal and social reactions.

What does Sutherland's definition of criminology emphasize?

Sutherland defines criminology as a science that studies crime as a social phenomenon. He emphasizes that criminology includes the processes of making laws, the violations of those laws, and the societal reactions to those violations.

How does criminology explain the development of crime in society?

Criminology traces crime's development from early human history, explaining that crime has always been a societal phenomenon. The first recorded crime, according to criminologists, occurred when Cain killed Abel, marking the beginning of recorded human wrongdoing.

What factors contribute to the potential for crime in individuals?

The potential for crime in individuals can be influenced by a combination of factors, including socialization, upbringing, education, and environment. While some criminal tendencies may be inherent, they are often exacerbated by a lack of proper guidance and positive role models.

Why is the study of crime development important?

Studying crime development is important because it helps in understanding how crimes evolve with societal changes, including the impact of modern civilization. It allows criminologists to examine how criminal behavior grows more complex over time, influenced by technology, social changes, and new substances.

What does the term 'extraordinary crime' refer to in the context of criminology?

'Extraordinary crime' refers to particularly severe or impactful crimes, such as corruption. These crimes are often treated with heightened attention and unique enforcement measures, including wiretapping and stricter penalties, due to their significant societal impact.

How can criminology help in understanding and preventing crime?

Criminology provides insights into why individuals commit crimes, helping to identify root causes such as social, economic, and psychological factors. By understanding these factors, criminology aids in developing strategies to prevent crime through social reforms, education, and legal intervention.