Bahasa Indonesia (Bab 1, Pertemuan 2 dan 3)

Summary

This video provides an in-depth look into the history and development of the Indonesian language, focusing on its roots in Malay and its evolution through colonial periods, the struggle for independence, and post-independence. It explores the various stages of language development, from the pre-colonial era to the establishment of Bahasa Indonesia as the national and official language in 1945. Additionally, the video covers the functions and significance of both Indonesian and regional languages, highlighting their roles in national identity, communication, and cultural preservation.

Takeaways

• 😀 The history of the name 'Indonesia' originates from the Dutch colonial period, where it was first proposed in the 19th century by English scholars.
• 😀 The name 'Indonesia' was popularized by German scholar Bastian in the 1880s and officially adopted after Indonesia's independence in 1945.
• 😀 The development of the Indonesian language spans several phases: pre-colonial, colonial, independence movement, and post-independence periods.
• 😀 In the pre-colonial era, Malay, the precursor to Indonesian, was used widely in trade and as a lingua franca in the Malacca Strait region.
• 😀 During the colonial era, Malay continued to be used for trade, but with influences from Dutch, Portuguese, English, and other languages.
• 😀 The Sumpah Pemuda (Youth Pledge) in 1928 was a significant moment in the promotion of the Indonesian language, although political barriers slowed its adoption.
• 😀 Under Japanese occupation (1942-1945), Indonesian gained prominence as the language of administration, further accelerating its development.
• 😀 After independence, Indonesian was officially declared the national language in 1945, followed by the introduction of formal spelling systems.
• 😀 Various spelling reforms occurred in Indonesia, such as the Van Ophuijsen and Soewandi reforms, leading to the current system (EYD and PUEBI).
• 😀 Indonesian serves two main functions: as a national language uniting diverse cultures and as an official language for government and education.
• 😀 Regional languages in Indonesia hold cultural significance, while foreign languages serve as tools for international communication and the development of science and technology.

Q & A

What is the origin of the name 'Indonesia'?

The name 'Indonesia' originated in 1850 from an English magazine called 'Jurnal Of Indira'. The name was suggested by two Englishmen, James Logan and George Samuel Windsor, who thought the Dutch colonial region needed its own distinct name. Logan later popularized the name 'Indonesia', which was officially used after Indonesia's independence in 1945.

What was the role of the Malay language before the colonial period?

Before the colonial period, the Malay language developed in Sumatra and the Malaya Peninsula. It was used widely, especially in the Srivijaya kingdom as the language of trade and governance. By the 14th century, it had become a lingua franca used by merchants across the Nusantara region, especially around the Strait of Malacca.

How did the colonization impact the development of the Malay language?

During the colonial period, Malay continued to serve as a common language for trade, but the Dutch colonial government also imposed the use of Malay in schools for the indigenous population. Furthermore, the Dutch administration contributed to the expansion of the Malay vocabulary with words borrowed from Portuguese, Dutch, English, Arabic, and Chinese.

What significant event marked the rise of the Indonesian language during the Japanese occupation?

During the Japanese occupation, the Indonesian language saw rapid development. The Japanese authorities, who opposed anything related to the Dutch, promoted the use of Indonesian to avoid the spread of the Dutch language, leading to significant growth in the language’s usage for administration and communication.

When was Bahasa Indonesia officially recognized as the national language?

Bahasa Indonesia was officially recognized as the national language of Indonesia on August 18, 1945, one day after the proclamation of Indonesia's independence.

What are the main stages in the development of Bahasa Indonesia?

The development of Bahasa Indonesia can be divided into four main stages: the pre-colonial period, the colonial period, the period of independence movements, and the post-independence period, with each stage marking significant advancements in the language's use and development.

How did the political language during the colonial period affect the spread of Bahasa Indonesia?

The political language policies during the colonial period, especially the Dutch colonial 'language politics', aimed to hinder the spread of Bahasa Indonesia by promoting the Dutch language. This slowed the development of the national language until the Japanese occupation, when Bahasa Indonesia saw more widespread use.

What were the differences between the early spelling systems of Bahasa Indonesia?

There were several ejaan (spelling systems) in the history of Bahasa Indonesia: the 'Van Ophuijsen' system (1901) which used 'oe' for certain sounds, the 'Soewandi' or 'Republican' spelling system (1947), and the 'Ejaan yang Disempurnakan' (EYD) system (1972) that refined spelling rules. The current system, known as 'PUEBI', is an updated version of the EYD.

What role does Bahasa Indonesia play in the national identity of Indonesia?

As the national language, Bahasa Indonesia serves as a symbol of national pride and unity. It acts as the unifying language that bridges diverse social and cultural groups within Indonesia and strengthens national identity.

What is the importance of regional languages in Indonesia?

Regional languages in Indonesia serve as symbols of regional pride and cultural identity. They also play important roles in local communication within families and communities, while supporting the national language by enriching its vocabulary and offering cultural diversity.