Proses ektraksi menggunakan metode MAE

Summary

This video explains the Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) method, which uses microwave energy to heat a solvent that breaks down plant cells, facilitating the extraction of target compounds. The process involves a 1:20 ratio of raw material to solvent, with a 5g sample of butterfly pea flower and 100ml of 90% ethanol. The extraction is optimized by using a magnetic stirrer and applying microwave energy at 50% power for 5 minutes. The system is closed, minimizing heat loss. The video provides a clear overview of the procedure and the scientific principles behind it.

Takeaways

• 😀 The method discussed is Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE), a process that uses microwave energy to heat solvents and break down plant cell walls.
• 😀 MAE operates by using microwave radiation as a source of energy, which is absorbed by the sample material, converting it into heat.
• 😀 The heat generated from the microwave radiation causes the water inside plant cells to evaporate, leading to increased pressure within the cell walls.
• 😀 The pressure buildup from the evaporation causes the plant cells to swell and eventually burst, facilitating the release of target compounds.
• 😀 The process is more efficient because it uses microwave energy to rapidly heat the sample and solvent without significant heat loss.
• 😀 The setup for the experiment involves a 1:20 ratio of sample to solvent, with 5 grams of the sample and 100 ml of solvent, typically ethanol food grade 90%.
• 😀 The homogenization step uses a magnetic stirrer at a speed of 5 for 30 minutes to ensure the sample and solvent are well mixed.
• 😀 The microwave operates at 50% power for 5 minutes, with a maximum output of 699 watts, to create the required energy for the extraction.
• 😀 As the microwave continues to operate, the solvent undergoes a foaming reaction, which indicates the temperature rise within the system.
• 😀 The efficiency of the extraction increases with higher microwave power, leading to more frequent formation of foam, but temperature control is essential for optimal results.

Q & A

What is Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE)?

Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) is a method of extracting compounds from plant materials by using microwave energy. The microwaves act as an energy vector, which heats the solvent and plant sample, causing the cell walls to rupture and facilitating the release of target compounds.

How does microwave energy play a role in the extraction process?

Microwave energy is absorbed by materials that can convert this energy into heat. This process, known as microwave radiation, causes the solvent inside plant cells to heat up and evaporate, leading to an increase in internal pressure, which eventually bursts the cell walls and aids in the extraction of compounds.

What happens to the plant cells during the MAE process?

As the solvent inside the plant cells heats up and the pressure increases, the cells expand. Eventually, the cells rupture, making it easier for the target compounds to be released and extracted.

What is the main advantage of using MAE for extraction?

The main advantage of MAE is that it enhances the extraction process by efficiently using microwave energy to rapidly heat the solvent, leading to faster and more effective compound release with minimal heat loss.

What materials were used in the experiment described in the script?

In the experiment, the materials used were butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea) and 90% food-grade ethanol as the solvent.

How were the materials prepared for the extraction process?

The plant material was prepared by using a 1:20 ratio of sample to solvent, with 5 grams of plant material and 100 mL of solvent. The mixture was then homogenized using a magnetic stirrer for 30 minutes at a speed setting of 5.

What is the role of the magnetic stirrer in the MAE process?

The magnetic stirrer is used to homogenize the sample and solvent mixture, ensuring that the plant material and solvent are well-mixed, which helps in achieving a uniform extraction process.

What power setting was used for the microwave during the experiment?

The microwave was set to 50% power, which is equivalent to 349.5 watts. This setting helps in controlling the heating process during extraction.

What observation was made regarding the solvent during the microwave operation?

During microwave operation, the solvent formed bubbles, resembling boiling. This happens due to the increasing temperature over time, which causes the solvent to fluctuate between boiling and cooling.

Why is the temperature increase important in the MAE process?

The increase in temperature is important because it accelerates the extraction process. Higher temperatures allow the solvent to effectively break down plant cell walls, release compounds, and speed up the overall extraction.