PERKOLASI - RIRIN

Summary

This video explains the process of percolation extraction, focusing on the equipment and techniques involved. The method begins with preparing the simplisia (dried turmeric powder), which is soaked with ethanol 70%. The percolator is then set up, and the extraction is carried out by allowing the solvent to pass through the material, dissolving active compounds. The procedure includes careful monitoring of solvent flow, ensuring proper extraction and preventing issues like clogging. After the extraction, the tincture is identified using specific reagents. The video also discusses the advantages and limitations of percolation extraction, offering practical insights for students.

Takeaways

• 😀 The percolation extraction method requires equipment such as a percolator and a separatory funnel for solvents.
• 😀 70% ethanol is the solvent used for percolation, and the material is 40 grams of dried turmeric powder.
• 😀 Percolation is a method of extracting active ingredients by passing solvent through powdered plant material, known as 'simplisia'.
• 😀 The initial stage of percolation involves moistening the simplisia with the solvent to begin the extraction process.
• 😀 After moistening the simplisia for about three hours, it is transferred into the percolator for the extraction.
• 😀 The percolator is packed with cotton and filter paper to support the simplisia and ensure smooth solvent flow.
• 😀 The principle of percolation involves allowing the solvent to pass through the simplisia to dissolve the active compounds.
• 😀 The percolator is maintained with a constant layer of solvent above the simplisia to ensure proper extraction.
• 😀 Proper control of the percolation rate is crucial, with a drip rate of one milliliter per minute being ideal.
• 😀 After 24 hours of percolation, the extract is collected, and the next steps involve either identifying the tincture or concentrating the extract using a rotary evaporator.
• 😀 The tincture is tested with reagents such as concentrated sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, and others to identify the presence of active compounds.

Q & A

What is the primary equipment required for the percolation extraction method?

The primary equipment needed for percolation extraction is a percolator and a separating funnel (or separatory funnel) for the solvents.

What solvent is used in the percolation extraction process described in the script?

The solvent used in the process is 70% ethanol.

How much dry turmeric powder is used in the percolation extraction process?

40 grams of dry turmeric powder is used in the percolation extraction process.

What is the purpose of soaking the turmeric powder in ethanol before starting the percolation process?

The purpose of soaking the turmeric powder in ethanol is to moisten the material before the percolation process begins. This step is known as initial maceration, which helps activate the extraction process.

What should be the ratio of turmeric powder (simplisia) to ethanol during the soaking stage?

The ratio is 10 parts of turmeric powder (simplisia) to 2.5 to 5 parts of ethanol.

What happens if the percolation liquid flows too quickly through the turmeric powder?

If the liquid flows too quickly, it may result in incomplete extraction of active compounds from the turmeric, as the solvent might not have enough time to extract them effectively.

How is the speed of percolation adjusted if the liquid is flowing too fast or too slow?

The speed of percolation can be adjusted by controlling the pressure applied to the material inside the percolator. If the flow is too fast, pressure can be reduced; if too slow, pressure can be increased. Additionally, the material can be adjusted or mixed with clean stones to help regulate the flow.

What is the main advantage of the percolation extraction method mentioned in the script?

The main advantage of the percolation method is that it prevents saturation because the solvent continuously flows through the material, allowing for better extraction without the need for additional filtration steps.

What is one major disadvantage of the percolation method described in the video?

A major disadvantage of percolation is the need for a large amount of solvent, as the solvent must be continuously added to the percolator until the extract is colorless, indicating that the active compounds have been fully extracted.

What is the importance of adjusting the drop rate of the percolation liquid to one milliliter per minute?

Adjusting the drop rate to one milliliter per minute ensures that the extraction process is efficient and that the solvent has enough time to extract the active compounds without rushing the process, which could lead to poor results.

How is the percolation process monitored after it has started?

The percolation process is monitored by checking the flow rate of the liquid and ensuring that it is dropping at the rate of one milliliter per minute. The flow rate is adjusted if necessary, and the percolator is left undisturbed for 24 hours for the extraction to complete.

What kind of analysis can be done after the percolation process is completed?

After the percolation process, the extract can be analyzed using various reagents such as concentrated sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, ammonia, ferric chloride, and lead acetate to identify the chemical compounds present.