Respon Kekebalan Spesifik

Summary

This script delves into the specifics of the human immune system, particularly focusing on the humoral and cellular defense mechanisms. It explains the roles of B and T lymphocytes in recognizing and attacking foreign invaders, with B cells producing antibodies and T cells directly attacking infected cells. The importance of MHC markers in antigen presentation is highlighted, as well as the role of helper T cells in coordinating immune responses. The script also outlines the distinction between the primary and secondary immune responses, emphasizing memory cells for faster and more efficient defense upon subsequent exposures to the same pathogen.

Takeaways

• 😀 The specific defense system of the body is responsible for recognizing and fighting foreign substances that enter the body.
• 😀 The specific defense system is divided into two types: humoral defense and cellular defense.
• 😀 Humoral immunity involves antibodies, which are produced by B lymphocytes (B cells).
• 😀 Cellular immunity is mediated by T lymphocytes (T cells), which play a critical role in responding to antigens.
• 😀 Lymphocytes are white blood cells that are essential in the immune response, and they are formed in the bone marrow during fetal development.
• 😀 B lymphocytes mature in the bone marrow, while T lymphocytes mature in the thymus gland.
• 😀 Lymphocytes recognize specific antigens through antigen receptors on their surface, which triggers immune responses.
• 😀 When B cells bind to an antigen, they divide and form two main types of cells: plasma cells (which produce antibodies) and memory cells.
• 😀 T-helper cells activate B cells to produce antibodies and also stimulate cytotoxic T cells to destroy infected cells.
• 😀 MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) molecules present antigens to T cells. MHC Class 1 molecules present to cytotoxic T cells, and MHC Class 2 molecules present to helper T cells.
• 😀 Memory T and B cells play a crucial role in the secondary immune response, enabling the immune system to recognize and respond more quickly to previously encountered antigens.

Q & A

What is the specific defense system of the body?

The specific defense system, also known as adaptive immunity, is the body's ability to recognize and defend against specific foreign substances, or antigens, that enter the body.

What are the two types of specific defense systems mentioned?

The two types of specific defense systems are humoral immunity, which is liquid-based, and cellular immunity, which involves cells.

What role do B lymphocytes (B cells) play in humoral immunity?

B lymphocytes, when mature, are responsible for producing antibodies that target and neutralize specific antigens in the body.

How do T lymphocytes (T cells) contribute to cellular immunity?

T lymphocytes, specifically T-helper and T-cytotoxic cells, are involved in directly killing infected cells or assisting other immune cells, such as B cells and T-cytotoxic cells, in mounting an immune response.

How are B and T lymphocytes formed and matured?

B lymphocytes are formed and mature in the bone marrow, whereas T lymphocytes are formed in the bone marrow but mature in the thymus.

What happens when an antigen binds to a B or T lymphocyte?

When an antigen binds to a B or T lymphocyte's receptor, it initiates cell division, leading to the formation of two types of lymphocytes: effector cells that fight the antigen, and memory cells that remember the antigen for future responses.

What is the role of memory cells in immunity?

Memory cells help the immune system recognize and respond more quickly if the body encounters the same antigen again, providing long-lasting immunity.

What are the two types of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules?

There are two types of MHC molecules: MHC class 1, found on most nucleated cells and interacting with T-cytotoxic cells, and MHC class 2, found on immune-related cells like macrophages, B cells, and dendritic cells, interacting with T-helper cells.

How do MHC class 1 and MHC class 2 molecules function in the immune response?

MHC class 1 molecules present antigens to T-cytotoxic cells, leading to the destruction of infected cells, while MHC class 2 molecules present antigens to T-helper cells, triggering the activation of other immune responses, such as the production of antibodies by B cells.

What is the role of T-helper cells in the immune response?

T-helper cells activate other immune cells, including B cells to produce antibodies and T-cytotoxic cells to become more effective at killing infected cells.