Manajemen Operasional - Strategi Lokasi

Summary

This video explains how to determine the optimal location for product distribution using the gravity center method. It introduces the concept of selecting a distribution center location by calculating the weighted average of coordinates based on demand from various regions. The script provides an example with four cities, using formulas to calculate the center of gravity for distribution and apply it to a map. It also demonstrates the use of Excel and Google Maps to assist in determining the best location, showing how changes in demand influence the gravity center. The video concludes with a practical example and application of the method.

Takeaways

• 😀 The gravity center method is a technique used to determine the optimal location for a distribution center by analyzing the geographical center between multiple regions.
• 😀 The purpose of selecting the right location is to maximize profits through strategic expansion or relocation of distribution centers.
• 😀 Key methods for determining distribution locations include the gravity method, cost-volume-location analysis, and transportation methods.
• 😀 The gravity center method involves calculating the geographical center based on distribution volumes and coordinates of various locations.
• 😀 The example in the video uses cities like Chicago, Pittsburgh, New York, and Atlanta to demonstrate how the gravity center location is calculated.
• 😀 The formula for calculating the center involves multiplying the coordinate of each city by its distribution volume and then dividing by the total distribution volume.
• 😀 After determining the gravity center, the distribution center location can be placed at the calculated center point for optimal efficiency.
• 😀 The video also applies the gravity method to a smaller-scale example using Surabaya, Malang, and Kediri to calculate the best distribution center location in Indonesia.
• 😀 The coordinates of each city are obtained, and the distribution volumes (e.g., 10,000 units for Surabaya, 30,000 for Malang, 40,000 for Kediri) are factored into the calculations.
• 😀 The final distribution center location is influenced by the distribution volume—locations with higher volumes will shift the center closer to them.
• 😀 The example also shows how changing the distribution volumes affects the gravity center, highlighting the importance of accurate data in decision-making for distribution strategies.

Q & A

What is the main purpose of determining a location for product distribution?

The main purpose is to expand, add to existing facilities, or relocate in order to maximize profits from the selected location.

What are the methods used for determining the right location for product distribution?

The methods include the Gravity Method, Cost-Volume Analysis, and Transportation Method.

What is the focus of this video?

This video focuses on the Gravity Method for determining product distribution centers.

How does the Gravity Method work in determining the location for distribution centers?

The Gravity Method involves calculating the center of gravity based on the distribution quantities and the geographic coordinates of the regions involved.

What are the coordinates of the regions used in the example to calculate the center of gravity?

The coordinates for the regions are Chicago (30, -120), Pitbox (90, -110), New York (unspecified), and Atlanta (unspecified).

How are the coordinates for the center of gravity calculated?

The coordinates are calculated using the formulas for X and Y coordinates, multiplying the coordinates by the number of units to be distributed, then dividing by the total number of units.

What cities were chosen for the second example of distribution center placement?

The cities chosen are Surabaya, Malang, and Kediri.

What is the significance of the number of units to be distributed in determining the center of gravity?

The number of units influences the final location of the distribution center, as locations with higher distribution needs pull the center of gravity closer to them.

How do changes in the number of units to be distributed affect the location of the center of gravity?

If the distribution needs of one city increase, the center of gravity shifts towards that city. For example, if Surabaya's unit needs increase, the center would shift closer to Surabaya.

What was the final location for the distribution center in the second example, and why?

The final location for the distribution center was Kasembon, Malang, due to the distribution needs being higher in Kediri and Malang than in Surabaya.