Perhitungan Metode AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) Dengan Excel

Summary

This video script explains the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) method for decision-making. It covers how to create comparison matrices, calculate consistency ratios, and determine the importance of different criteria for decision-making. Using a case study on selecting a high school based on factors like location, cost, and facilities, the speaker demonstrates how to apply the AHP method step-by-step. The process includes calculating priorities, normalizing values, and checking consistency before determining the best alternative. The method concludes with ranking the options, revealing the highest-ranked choice as the optimal selection.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was developed by Thomas L. Saaty in 1971 as a decision-making tool based on mathematical methods.
• 😀 AHP is used to structure decision-making problems in a hierarchy, with human judgment as the main input.
• 😀 The first step in AHP involves creating a comparison matrix to evaluate the importance of different criteria and sub-criteria.
• 😀 A consistency ratio (CR) is calculated during the AHP process. If the CR is 0.1 or less, the method is considered consistent and acceptable.
• 😀 If the consistency ratio exceeds 0.1, the data needs to be revised to improve consistency in the decision-making process.
• 😀 AHP uses a scale from 1 to 9 to measure the intensity of importance between criteria, ranging from equally important (1) to extremely important (9).
• 😀 Reciprocal values are used when comparing two elements in the matrix, meaning that the comparison value for A to B is the reciprocal of that for B to A.
• 😀 The AHP method was illustrated with a case study on selecting the best school for students, using three criteria: location, cost, and facilities.
• 😀 Each criterion was compared against the others to assign values and construct a comparison matrix, which was then normalized to determine priorities.
• 😀 The final decision is made by calculating the weighted sum of each alternative, factoring in the normalized priorities for each criterion, and selecting the option with the highest score.
• 😀 The AHP process includes calculating the eigenvalue to check consistency and determining the consistency index (CI) and consistency ratio (CR) to assess whether the hierarchy is reliable and valid for decision-making.

Q & A

What is the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)?

AHP is a decision-making process developed by Thomas L. Saaty in 1971, which uses a mathematical model to organize and analyze complex decisions. It involves structuring a decision problem into a hierarchy, making pairwise comparisons, and calculating weights for the criteria.

How does AHP work in decision-making?

AHP works by creating a hierarchy of decision criteria, comparing them pairwise to determine their relative importance, and then calculating the weights for each criterion. These weights help in selecting the best alternative from a set of options.

What are the key steps in the AHP process?

The key steps in the AHP process include defining the problem, structuring the hierarchy, making pairwise comparisons, calculating the consistency ratio, normalizing the values, and calculating the final weights or priorities.

What is the significance of the consistency ratio (CR) in AHP?

The consistency ratio (CR) is used to assess the consistency of the pairwise comparisons. If CR is less than or equal to 0.1 (10%), the comparisons are considered consistent. If CR exceeds 0.1, the data requires revision for consistency.

What happens if the consistency ratio (CR) exceeds 0.1?

If the CR exceeds 0.1, the comparisons are considered inconsistent, and the decision-maker must review and adjust the pairwise comparisons to improve consistency.

How is the normalization of the matrix done in AHP?

Normalization is done by dividing each element of the matrix by the total sum of the column it belongs to. This ensures that the values are on a comparable scale, allowing for easier calculation of priorities.

What is the role of eigenvalue in AHP?

The eigenvalue in AHP is used to calculate the consistency index, which helps determine how consistent the decision-making process is. It is essential for validating the accuracy and reliability of the pairwise comparisons.

What is a random index (RI) and how is it used in AHP?

The random index (RI) is a value used to calculate the consistency index. It is based on the number of criteria and is used to determine whether the consistency ratio is acceptable or not.

Can AHP be applied to real-life decision-making? If yes, provide an example.

Yes, AHP can be applied to real-life decision-making. For example, in the script, AHP is used to decide on the best school for students by comparing criteria such as location, cost, and facilities. The decision-making process helps prioritize which factors are most important for the students' needs.

How are alternatives evaluated in the AHP process?

Alternatives are evaluated by comparing them against the criteria. For each alternative, the value corresponding to each criterion is calculated, and these values are then weighted based on the priorities assigned to each criterion. The alternative with the highest total score is selected as the best choice.