Inilah Mengapa Nenek Moyang Kita (Benar2) Seorang Pelaut || Series Kerajaan Nusantara: Gowa-Tallo ⛵⚓

Summary

This script delves into the Islamic maritime kingdom of Gowa-Tallo in Makassar, Indonesia, highlighting its rise and fall. It discusses the union of two kingdoms under Islamic rule, the cultural and social stratification influenced by Hindu-Buddhist remnants, and the kingdom's peak under Sultan Hasanuddin. The narrative also touches on Dutch influence, internal power shifts, and the strategic alliance with Arung Palaka that led to Dutch dominance in the region, ending with the recognition of the Pinisi shipbuilding tradition as a UNESCO cultural heritage.

Takeaways

• 😀 The video discusses the Islamic kingdoms in Indonesia, focusing on the maritime kingdom of Gowa-Tallo in Makassar, which was significant in the spread of Islam and the decline of Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms.
• 🌊 The script highlights the unification of the two kingdoms of Gowa and Tallo under the leadership of Raja Goa, Daeng Mrababa, who converted to Islam and became Sultan Alauddin, and Raja Tallo, Karaeng Matoaya, who became Sultan Abdullah.
• 🕌 The spread of Islam in Indonesia is emphasized, showing how the decline of Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms and the adoption of Islam by royal families and the populace led to the rise of Islamic kingdoms.
• 🏙️ The capital of the Gowa-Tallo kingdom was in Somba Opu, South Sulawesi, chosen for its adherence to Islamic practices and to avoid conflict with social norms and Islamic teachings.
• 👥 The social stratification within the Gowa-Tallo kingdom is described, with the highest class being the nobility (anakarung or kare), the middle class being the general populace (tomaradeka), and the lowest class being the untouchables (APTA).
• 🛶 The Pinisi ship, a type of sailing ship, is mentioned as a symbol of the maritime prowess of the Gowa-Tallo kingdom, which UNESCO recognized as a cultural heritage in 2017.
• 📜 The script refers to the 'alobilobin bicara napabaluek', a maritime law inscribed in the Lontar, which indicates the kingdom's advanced maritime trade and navigation practices.
• 👑 Sultan Hasanuddin, known for his bravery and resistance against the Dutch, is highlighted as a key figure who brought prosperity to Makassar through trade and seafaring, earning the nickname 'ayam jantan' or 'rooster from the east'.
• 🤝 The Dutch East India Company (VOC) is portrayed as having a significant influence on the region, with Arung Palaka, a prince from the defeated Bone kingdom, seeking their help to regain independence.
• ✍️ The Bongaya Treaty is mentioned, which led to Dutch monopoly over the spice trade in Makassar and the establishment of a fortress, signifying the beginning of Dutch control over the region.
• 🏰 The fall of the Gowa-Tallo kingdom is discussed, showing how external forces, particularly the Dutch and internal conflicts, led to the end of the kingdom's power and the rise of Dutch control in South Sulawesi.

Q & A

What topic is discussed in the video script?

The video script discusses the Islamic kingdoms in Indonesia, specifically focusing on the maritime kingdom of Gowa-Tallo in Makassar.

Why was the kingdom of Gowa-Tallo chosen to start the video series on Islamic kingdoms?

The kingdom of Gowa-Tallo was chosen to start the video series because it might open the viewers' eyes to the reasons behind the emergence of Islamic kingdoms and the fall of Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms in Indonesia.

What does 'Goa Talo' mean in the context of the script?

In the script, 'Goa Talo' refers to two separate kingdoms, the Kingdom of Goa and the Kingdom of Talo, which later united under the leadership of Raja Goa, known as Sultan Alauddin, and Raja Talo, known as Sultan Abdullah.

What significant change occurred in the kingdoms of Goa and Talo after they adopted Islam?

After adopting Islam, the kingdoms of Goa and Talo united under the leadership of Sultan Alauddin and Sultan Abdullah, which contributed to the spread of Islam in Indonesia and the decline of Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms.

What was the role of the Mangku Bumi in the kingdom of Gowa-Tallo?

The Mangku Bumi was a title for a prince who also served as the head of administration in the government, assisting in the governance alongside the religious officials.

How did the social stratification in the kingdom of Gowa-Tallo differ from Islamic principles?

Although Islam does not recognize social stratification, the kingdom of Gowa-Tallo maintained a social hierarchy influenced by the remnants of Hindu-Buddhist culture, with the highest class being the nobility, followed by common people, and the lowest class being the APTA.

What was the significance of the 'alobilobin bicara napabaluek' law in the kingdom of Gowa-Tallo?

The 'alobilobin bicara napabaluek' law was a maritime law that regulated trade and navigation, contributing to the prosperity of Makassar as a trading port and the recognition of the Makassarese as skilled sailors.

Why was Sultan Hasanuddin referred to as 'ayam jantan' or 'rooster from the east'?

Sultan Hasanuddin was referred to as 'ayam jantan' due to his bravery and determination in resisting the Dutch, with the term signifying a strong and courageous figure from Eastern Indonesia.

What was the role of Arung Palaka in the downfall of the Gowa-Tallo kingdom?

Arung Palaka, seeking revenge and the independence of his kingdom of Bone, allied with the Dutch against Gowa-Tallo, which eventually led to the signing of the Bongaya Treaty and the Dutch monopoly over the spice trade in Makassar.

How did the Dutch influence contribute to the decline of the Gowa-Tallo kingdom?

The Dutch, through political and economic domination, weakened the Gowa-Tallo kingdom, eventually leading to the Dutch control over South Sulawesi and the end of the Gowa-Tallo kingdom's rule.

What cultural legacy of the Gowa-Tallo kingdom is recognized by UNESCO?

The cultural legacy of the Gowa-Tallo kingdom, specifically the tradition of Pinisi shipbuilding, was recognized by UNESCO as a cultural heritage in 2017.

Outlines

00:00

🏛️ Rise of Islamic Kingdoms in Indonesia

This paragraph introduces the topic of Islamic kingdoms in Indonesia, specifically focusing on the kingdom of Gowa and Talloq in Makassar. It contrasts the previous discussion on Hindu-Buddhist maritime kingdoms and emphasizes the importance of understanding the historical context of Islam's arrival and the decline of Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms. The kingdom of Gowa and Talloq is selected as the starting point for the series on Islamic kingdoms due to its significant role in the spread of Islam and its maritime power. The paragraph also mentions the social stratification within the kingdom and the influence of Islamic teachings on the governance and social order.

05:03

🛳️ The Maritime Power and Cultural Legacy of Gowa-Talloq

This section delves into the maritime prowess and cultural achievements of the Gowa-Talloq kingdom. It highlights the kingdom's peak during the reign of Sultan Hasanuddin, known as the 'Rooster from the East' for his bravery and resistance against the Dutch. The paragraph discusses the kingdom's trade dominance, the establishment of maritime laws known as 'alobilobin bicara napabaluek', and the cultural impact of the Pinisi shipbuilding tradition, which was recognized by UNESCO as a cultural heritage. The narrative also touches on the political shifts, internal transitions of power, and external threats, particularly from the Dutch and Arung Palaka's alliance, leading to significant changes in the region's political landscape.

10:04

📚 Conclusion and Call to Remember Maritime Heritage

The final paragraph serves as a conclusion, urging viewers to acknowledge and remember the maritime heritage of their ancestors as strong and skilled seafarers. It invites viewers to share their thoughts on the series in the comments, and to like, subscribe, and share the video to support the creation of more content. The paragraph ends with a reminder of the rich history and legacy of the Islamic maritime kingdom in Eastern Indonesia, encapsulating the spirit of adventure and resilience that defined their seafaring culture.

Keywords

💡Islamic Kingdoms

Islamic Kingdoms in the context of the video refers to the various states in Indonesia that adopted Islam as their dominant religion and political system. The video specifically discusses the rise of these kingdoms as a significant shift from the previous Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms, indicating a major cultural and religious transformation in the region.

💡Gowa and Tallo

Gowa and Tallo are two kingdoms that unified under Islamic rule in Makassar, South Sulawesi. The script mentions that these kingdoms merged under the leadership of Raja Goa, who became Sultan Alauddin, and Raja Tallo, who became Sultan Abdullah. This unification is a key point in the video, illustrating the consolidation of power and the spread of Islam in the region.

💡Sultan Alauddin

Sultan Alauddin is depicted as the ruler of the unified Islamic kingdom of Gowa. His conversion to Islam and the subsequent adoption of the title 'Sultan' signifies the establishment of Islamic rule and the decline of the previous Hindu-Buddhist dynasties in the region.

💡Mangku Bumi

Mangku Bumi is a term used to describe a prince who also serves as the head of administration in the government. In the script, it is mentioned that Raja Tallo, who became Sultan Abdullah, held this position, indicating the administrative structure of the Islamic kingdom.

💡Social Stratification

The concept of social stratification in the video refers to the hierarchical social structure within the Islamic kingdoms. The script describes three main layers: the nobility or 'anakarung', the common people or 'tomaradeka', and the lowest layer or 'APTA'. This reflects the social organization and the influence of pre-Islamic cultural practices on the new Islamic states.

💡Sultan Hasanuddin

Sultan Hasanuddin is highlighted as a significant ruler who brought prosperity to the kingdom through trade and maritime prowess. His reign is marked by the increase in spice trade and the recognition of Makassar as a maritime power, showcasing the kingdom's economic and cultural zenith.

💡Alobilobin Bicara Napabaluek

Alobilobin Bicara Napabaluek is a set of maritime laws mentioned in the script, which were inscribed in a manuscript called Lontar. These laws regulated trade and navigation, reflecting the kingdom's commitment to maintaining order and prosperity through legal frameworks.

💡Arum Palaka

Arum Palaka is a character in the script who seeks to avenge his family and restore the independence of the Bone kingdom, which was subjugated by the kingdom of Gowa-Tallo. His alliance with the Dutch and subsequent recognition as the king of Bone illustrate the complex political dynamics and external influences on the Islamic kingdoms.

💡VOC

VOC, or the Dutch East India Company, is mentioned as a colonial power that had significant influence over the Islamic kingdoms in Indonesia. The script describes how Arum Palaka sought their support to regain his kingdom's independence, indicating the external pressures and alliances that shaped the region's history.

💡Pinisi

Pinisi is a type of traditional sailing ship that is a symbol of the maritime culture and prowess of the Makassar kingdom. The script explains that UNESCO recognized the Pinisi shipbuilding tradition as a cultural heritage, reflecting the kingdom's legacy in maritime technology and craftsmanship.

💡Moana

The term 'Moana' is used in the script to draw a parallel between the Indonesian maritime tradition and the Polynesian concept of a shared oceanic heritage. It suggests that the Indonesian people, like the Moana characters, have a rich history of navigating the seas and a deep connection to their maritime identity.

Highlights

The discussion on the Islamic kingdom in Indonesia, specifically in Makassar, and its significance in the transition from Hindu-Buddhist to Islamic rule.

The unification of two kingdoms, Goa and Talo, under the leadership of Raja Goa (Sultan Alauddin) and Raja Talo (Sultan Abdullah), after their conversion to Islam.

The establishment of the Gowa-Tallo kingdom with its capital in Somba Opu, South Sulawesi, reflecting the importance of Islamic practices in the region.

The social stratification in the Gowa-Tallo kingdom, with the highest level occupied by the nobility, the middle by common people, and the lowest by the APTA.

The influence of Islamic teachings on the governance of the Gowa-Tallo kingdom, with the integration of Islamic officials alongside traditional ones.

The peak of Gowa-Tallo's prosperity under Sultan Hasanuddin, who attracted many traders and enhanced the reputation of Makassar as a maritime power.

The creation of the 'alobilobin bicara napabaluek' maritime law, indicating the kingdom's advanced legal system for trade and navigation.

Sultan Hasanuddin's resistance against the Dutch, symbolized by his title 'ayam jantan' or 'rooster from the east', for his bravery and determination.

The Dutch colonial influence on the Gowa-Tallo kingdom and the political and economic dominance that led to the decline of the kingdom.

The internal peaceful transition of power within the Gowa-Tallo kingdom, from Sultan Alaudin to Sultan Muhammad Said, and then to Sultan Hasanuddin.

The external threat to the kingdom from Arung Palaka, who sought to avenge his father's kingdom of Bone and free it from Gowa-Tallo's rule.

The alliance between Arung Palaka and the Dutch, which led to the signing of the Bongaya Treaty and the Dutch monopoly over the spice trade in Makassar.

The cultural impact of the Gowa-Tallo kingdom, particularly the Pinisi shipbuilding tradition, recognized by UNESCO as a cultural heritage.

The significance of the Pinisi ship as a symbol of the maritime strength and cultural pride of the Gowa-Tallo kingdom.

The etymology of the name 'Pinisi', derived from 'picuru' meaning 'good example' and 'pinisi' referring to a small, agile fish.

The representation of the seven sails on the Pinisi ship, symbolizing the ability of the Indonesian ancestors to navigate the seven seas.

The acknowledgment of the Indonesian maritime heritage and the story of the Gowa-Tallo kingdom as part of the rich history of the region.

The call to action for viewers to engage with the content by liking, subscribing, and sharing the video to support the creation of more historical content.

Transcripts

[Musik]

[Musik]

Karena kemarin kita sudah bahas kerajaan

maritim Hindu Buddha kali ini kita akan

bahas kerajaan Islam di Indonesia dan

bukan di Pulau Jawa nanti dikira netizen

Halah Jawa sentris terlalu

mengglorifikasi Jawa itu kan cuma

kerajaan kecil di pulau

Jawa dan komenan semacamnya yang ada di

kolom komentar video apa yang terjadi

kalau kerajaan Majapahit tidak pernah

ada yang belum menton silakan meluncur

ke video sebelumnya Nanti saya taruh

link di description box ya oke cukup

flashbacknya sebenarnya video kali ini

bisa dibilang salah satu momen yang bisa

menggambarkan bagaimana sih kondisi awal

datangnya Islam dan berakhirnya kejayaan

kerajaan Hindu Buddha di Indonesia Kalau

Gin Sisi bilangnya Life

yang ini after the break of hind and

budis agak maksa

ya kita akan bahas kerajaan maritim

Islam bernama kerajaan guatalo di

Makassar di antara banyaknya kerajaan

Islam di Indonesia saya pilih kerajaan

goalo sebagai pembuka video series

kerajaan Islam Karena kerajaan ini

mungkin bisa membuka mata kalian alasan

dibalik munculnya

laguek Mari kita bahas

[Musik]

[Tepuk tangan]

[Musik]

Mungkin kalian sudah mengira kok nama

kerajaannya seperti ada dua ya Goa Talo

enggak salah ini memang ada dua kerajaan

yang bersatu istilahnya Duwi tunggal

Kenapa bisa begitu Jadi di Makassar

Sebenarnya ada dua kerajaan kerajaan Goa

dan talau kemudian kerajaan itu bersatu

di bawah pimpinan Raja Goa yaitu Daeng

mraba setelah menganut Islam Ia bergelar

Sultan Alauddin sementara Raja Talo

yaitu karaing matoaya yang bergelar

Sultan Abdullah juga kebetulan menjadi

Mangku bumi Mangku bumi ini sebutan

untuk pangeran yang juga menjabat

sebagai kepala administrasi pemerintahan

nah atas dasar kekuasaan dari kedua

pemimpin kerajaan itu Bersatulah

keduanya bersamaan dengan tersebarnya

agama Islam di Indonesia jadi karena

melihat kondisi kerajaan Hindu Bud yang

sudah sepenuhnya runtuh dan juga banyak

dari anggota keluarga raja dan pasti

juga diikuti oleh rakyatnya yang

memutuskan untuk Log In ke agama Islam

Islam semakin masif di Indonesia

akhirnya kedua kerajaan sepakat untuk

bersatu membangun kekuatan dan

melangengkan kejayaan Kerajaan Makassar

ibu kota kerajaan goatalo ada di

sambaopu Sulawesi Selatan karena sangat

concern dengan praktik ibadah Islam Jadi

bisa dibilang Islamnya mereka ini bukan

Islam KTP sampai-sampai ada unsur-unsur

yang mengawasi negara agar aturan-aturan

sosial tidak bertentangan dengan ajaran

Islam apa saja unsurnya ini

dia yang mana ngur tersebut berada dalam

lembaga parewasara atau pejabat agama

yang berjalan beriringan sebagai

pendamping parewaade atau pejabat

adat walaupun sebenarnya Islam tidak

mengenal adanya pelapisan sosial dalam

masyarakat tapi berhubung

kerajaan-kerajaan di nusantara pada masa

itu masih ada sedikit pengaruh

kebudayaan Hindu Buddha yang tertinggal

maka pelapisan sosial juga berlaku di

kerajaan

goatalo lapisan sosial atau stratifikasi

paling atas sudah pasti diduduki oleh

kaum bangsawan atau disebut anakarung

atau kare lapisan Tengah ditempati oleh

rakyat pada umumnya atau tomaradeka dan

lapisan paling bawah atau disebut APTA

setelah dipimpin oleh Sultan Alauddin

dan juga Sultan Muhammad Said kerajaan

goatalo mencapai puncak kejayaan pada

masa kepemimpinan Sultan Hasanuddin yang

diculuki ayam jantan dari timur masa

kejayaan ya berhasil membawa banyak

pedagang hijrah ke Makassar dan juga

image orang Makassar jadi dikenal

sebagai pelaut-pelaut yang ulung dan

akhirnya pasokan rempah-rempah di

Makassar menjadi sangat banyak untuk

menjamin perdadangan dan pelayaran maka

dibuatlah undang-undang pelayaran yang

disebut

alobilobin bicara napabaluek yang dimuat

dalam Lontar oleh amana Gapa Mungkin

kalian bertanya tanya Mengapa sih

seorang yang membawa kejadian di

kerajaan goatalo yakni Sultan Hasanuddin

diculuki ayam jantan dari timur

Alasannya karena keberanian dan

keegijihannya melawan Belanda jadi ayam

jantan atau ayam jago ini istilah untuk

seseorang jagan dari timur Indonesia

seperti Sultan

Hasanudin Bango Ampun Bang

jago Sebentar Dari tadi saya belum

menyebutkan peranan Belanda pada masa

ini ya Loh Belanda masih ada sampai

kerajaan Islam sayangnya ya masih ada

justru para koloni itu Semakin menjadi

nyadi kalau saat kerajaan Hindu Buda

Belanda belum bisa dikatakan menjajah

Indonesia pada masa kerajaan Islam

Belanda tergoda untuk menguasai

perekonomian Indonesia melalui dominasi

politik dan ekonomi yang mana itu

menjadi syarat suatu negara bisa

dikatakan menjajah negara

[Musik]

lain kalau kita lihat pergantian raja di

internal kerajaan goatalo sepertinya

damai saja ya sangat mulus di mana

Sultan Alaudin kemudian digantikan

Sultan Muhammad Said kemudian berpindah

takta ke putranya yakni Sultan Hasanudin

tapi pergolakan ternyata datang dari

eksternal atau dari luar kerajaan yakni

pembalasan dendam Arum Palaka yang

bersekutu dengan Belanda untuk

melalahkan kerajaan goatalong dendam

Arum palalaka sudah tertanam sejak kecil

ketika itu Ayahnya yang bernama lama

dareng Martin roweri bukakar merupakan

Raja Bone ke-13 Jadi selain kerajaan

Balo ada satu lagi kerajaan di Sulawesi

yakni kerajaan Bone tapi pada masa

pemerintahan ayah dari Arung Palaka itu

kerajaan Bone ditaklukkan oleh kerajaan

goatalo dan statusnya tidak lagi menjadi

kerajaan yang merdeka tidak hanya itu

raja beserta keluarganya dibawa ke

Makassar sebagai tahanan dan

diberlakukan seperti budak sebenarnya

Arum Palaka yang pada saat itu masih

berusia 11 tahun diberlakukan dengan

baik dengan diberikan pendidikan yang

layak seperti layaknya seorang pangeran

oleh ayah dari Sultan Hasanudin namun

ketika Sultan Hasanuddin naik tahta

menjadi raja arualaka menaruh dendam

kepadanya pasalnya Sultan Hasanuddin

mempekerjakan raket Bone secara paksa

untuk menggali Arit sepanjang pelabuhan

Makassar tidak terima raketnya

diberlakukan seperti itu Arung Palaka

bersumpah untuk memerdekakan kerajaan

Bone beserta rakyatnya namun

pemberontakan yang dilakukannya pada

1660 belum membuahkan hasil dengan

pikiran yang sangat kalut disertai

Ambisi untuk Merdeka Arum palata dengan

utnya memutuskan untuk melarikan diri ke

Batavia Dan disambut baik oleh vooc W

lihat Siapa tamu yang datang dari jauh

Pangeran Arum palakaya muda dan bembaran

Ada perlu apa Pangeran kemari membawa

pengiklang Aku tidak akan basa-basi

dengan orang Belanda sepertinya aku

terpaksa kemari untuk menawarkan kerja

sama supaya rakyatku bebas dari

cengkeraman Sultan Hasanudin Aku punya

1000 pasukan ditambah pasukanmu dari VOC

kita sikat si ayam jantan dari timur itu

telahnya kau bisa menguasai perdagangan

di Makassar dan aku bisa diakui sebagai

raja yang

merdeka menylah rakyat kau sudah habis

waktunya aku memimpin Bone yang merdeka

tandatangani perjanjian ini dan

pergilah mungkin kali ini aku kalah

darimu tapi kau arak akan menyesal k

sudah menjadikutuandauan

yang itu diakhiri dengan penandatanganan

Perjanjian Bongaya oleh Sultan

Hasanuddin yang berisi Belanda

memonopoli Dadal rempah-rempah di

Makassar belanda mendirikan benteng

pertahanan di Makassar Makassar

dipersempit hingga tinggal Gowa saja dan

Arum Palaka diakui sebagai Raja Bone

setelah peristiwa itu Sultan Hasanuddin

kemudian digantikan oleh mapasomba tapi

mapasomba tidak berkuasa terlalu lama

karena pengaruh Belanda yang sangat

besar Sampai akhirnya seluruh Sulawesi

Selatan dapat dikuasai Belanda

berakhirnya kekuasaan Kerajaan goatalo

tidak menghapus fakta bahwa nenek moyan

kita memang benar-benar seorang pelaut

bukan

[Musik]

pedangdot pada masa kejayaannya aspek

kebudayaan kerajaan goatalo menciptakan

kapal-kapal Pinisi Pinisi adalah jenis

Perahu Layar yang menjadi di kebanggaan

Kesultanan Makassar dan yang

menjadikannya sebagai kerajaan maritim

yang sangat kuat bahkan UNESCO telah

menetapkan seni pembuatan kapal dengan

sistem Pinisi sebagai warisan budaya ta

benda pada akhir tahun

2017 menurut tradisi setempat nama

Pinisi diberikan oleh raja Talo yang

berasal dari Gabungan dua kata yaitu

picuru yang berarti contoh yang baik dan

Pinisi sejenis ikan kecil yang lincah

dan tangguh kapal pinisi mempunyai dua

tiang layar utama dengan tujuh buah

layar konon tujuh layar ini melambangkan

bahwa nenek moyang bangsa Indonesia

mampu mengaruhi tujuh samudra di dunia

finisi pula yang membuat masyarakat

Sulawesi dikenal sebagai pelaut yang

ulung Nah dari semua fakta-fakta tadi

Kita patut Banda bahwa ternyata nenek

moyang kita benar-benar seorang pelaut

yang tangguh dan juga ternyata kita

punya versi kehidupan moana Indonesia

yang pantang menyeras pandai mengarungi

samudra sampai tradisi pembuatan

kapalnya sendiri itu dia semua cerita

mengenai kerajaan maritim Islam di timur

Indonesia yaitu Aan katalo dengan banyak

cerita perjuangan kejayaan pengkhianatan

hingga fakta menarik tentang nenek

moyang kita seorang Kelut Terima kasih

sudah menonton video ini kasih tahu kita

mau bahas series Kerajaan Nusantara apa

lagi di kolom komentar ya jangan lupa

like subscribe dan share video ini

supaya kami bisa lebih semangat untuk

bikin video seperti ini lagi sampai

jumpa

[Musik]

bye foreign