Curso de Eletricista Iniciante (Passo a Passo)

Summary

This video tutorial provides a step-by-step guide to setting up an electrical installation, beginning with the energy supply and ending with its delivery to the consumer. The instructor walks through the electrical diagram, explaining key components such as the power pole (alimentador), the energy meter (quadro de medição), and the distribution board (quadro de distribuição) inside a residence. It covers the wiring, circuit division for lighting, general outlets, specialized outlets, and specific appliances like showers and air conditioning. The video also highlights safety measures, wiring standards, and the importance of protective equipment like DR and DPS for secure electrical installations.

Takeaways

• 😀 The video discusses the step-by-step process of electrical installation, beginning with the supply of energy and its distribution to the consumer.
• 😀 The energy provider’s pole is referred to as the 'feeder' (AL), and the electricity meter is housed in a 'measurement panel' (M).
• 😀 A distribution panel in residential areas houses circuit breakers and distributes electricity to various circuits like lighting, general outlets, and specific areas like kitchens and air conditioners.
• 😀 The distribution panel includes multiple circuits for lighting, general power outlets, specific kitchen outlets, water heaters, and air conditioners.
• 😀 The video emphasizes the importance of using circuit breakers, residual current devices (RCD), and surge protection devices (DPS) for safety.
• 😀 The color standard for electrical wiring, according to the NBR 5410, requires non-blue and non-green wires for phases, with blue reserved for neutral and green for earth.
• 😀 The wiring is connected in a specific order, with ground (earth), neutral, and phases entering and exiting the distribution panel to safely power various circuits.
• 😀 A key element in proper installation is ensuring that neutral wires pass through the RCD (Residual Current Device) to ensure safe operation.
• 😀 The grounding system must follow specific rules, with a dedicated ground bus and connection to the earth to prevent electrical hazards.
• 😀 The video finishes with a diagram of the electrical system, showing the relationship between the electrical meter, circuit panel, and different home circuits, all adhering to safety standards and project specifications.

Q & A

What is the role of the 'alimentador' in the electrical installation?

The 'alimentador' (feeder) refers to the power pole from the energy concessionaire that brings electricity to the property. It is the initial point in the energy supply process.

What is the function of the 'quadro de medição' in the electrical installation?

The 'quadro de medição' (metering box) contains the energy meter. It is where the energy consumption is measured and monitored before the power is distributed within the home.

What are the five circuits that are connected to the distribution panel?

The five circuits connected to the distribution panel are for: lighting, general power outlets, the electric shower, kitchen outlets, and air conditioning.

Why is it important to have a separate circuit for the electric shower?

The electric shower requires a dedicated circuit to ensure safety, as it typically requires higher power and operates at a higher voltage (220V). It needs to be isolated from other circuits to prevent overloads and ensure safety.

What is the significance of using 'disjuntores' (circuit breakers) in the distribution panel?

Circuit breakers (disjuntores) are used to protect the circuits from overloads and short circuits by automatically disconnecting the electrical supply when a fault is detected, thus preventing damage to the installation and ensuring safety.

What does 'DR' stand for, and what is its function in the distribution panel?

DR stands for 'Dispositivo Diferencial Residual' (Residual Current Device). Its function is to protect individuals from electrical shocks by detecting any imbalance in the current and disconnecting the power if a leakage is detected.

Why is color coding important in electrical installations, and what are the recommended colors?

Color coding ensures that the wiring system is clear and standardized, reducing the risk of errors during installation and maintenance. According to NBR 5410 standards, blue is used for neutral, green for grounding, and any color other than blue or green can be used for live wires.

What are the necessary components for grounding in the electrical panel?

Grounding is done using a dedicated grounding bar (barramento de terra) in the panel, which connects all the circuits requiring grounding. It ensures electrical safety by directing any stray current to the ground.

Why does the electric shower and air conditioning circuits not require a neutral wire in certain regions?

In regions like the southeast, 220V is achieved by combining two 127V phases. As a result, circuits for devices like electric showers and air conditioning do not require a neutral wire because they use two live wires (bifásico).

How does the 'diagrama unifilar' (single-line diagram) help in understanding the installation?

The 'diagrama unifilar' is a simplified representation of the electrical installation, showing the connections and components with a single line for each cable. It helps in visualizing how power flows through the system and provides a clearer understanding of the electrical setup.