Praktikum Fluidisasi Bagian 1

Summary

This video covers a laboratory practice on fluidization in chemical engineering, focusing on the phenomenon where solids are lifted and behave like fluids with high viscosity. The video explains different fluidization stages, including sub-minimum flow rates, minimum flow rates, and optimal fluidization. It also discusses experimental methods to determine particle density, minimum flow velocities, and the effects of particle size and bed height. Key equipment includes rotameters, manometers, and fluidization columns using air and water. The video also emphasizes important safety precautions and steps for accurate experimental setup and data collection.

Takeaways

• 😀 Fluidization is a process where solid particles are lifted and behave like a fluid, used in industries like petrochemicals in reactors.
• 😀 In fluidization, four phenomena are observed: underflow (low air flow), fluidization minimum (starting point), uniform flow (ideal), and ineffective fluidization (high air flow).
• 😀 The characteristic curve of fluidization helps determine the minimum fluidization velocity (Um).
• 😀 The goal of this fluidization lab experiment is to create a characteristic curve, determine particle density, calculate the minimum flow velocity, and examine the impact of particle size and bed height.
• 😀 Equipment used includes a water rotameter, air rotameter, manometer, and fluidization columns for both air and water.
• 😀 The solid materials used for fluidization experiments include polypropylene beads and ion-exchange resin.
• 😀 Fluidizing media for the experiments are water and air from a compressor.
• 😀 Key safety precautions include checking for leaks, ensuring enough liquid in the feed tank, securing valves, and confirming proper filter installation in the air fluidization column.
• 😀 Particle density determination involves using a clean and dry pycnometer to measure the mass of the particles and water.
• 😀 The process for determining particle density involves measuring the pycnometer mass with and without the particles and then adding water to fill the space around the particles.
• 😀 Sample data is provided for the pycnometer with solid particles and water, and the process is repeated with different types of particles (e.g., polypropylene and resin).

Q & A

What is fluidization?

Fluidization is the process where solid particles are lifted and behave like a fluid, allowing them to move with high viscosity. This phenomenon is used in various industrial applications, particularly in petrochemical reactors.

What is the minimum flow rate for fluidization?

The minimum flow rate for fluidization is the point at which the flow of fluid becomes enough to lift the solid particles and transform them into a fluidized state, as depicted in the transition from figure 1 to figure 2 in the video.

What does the term 'ideal fluidization' refer to?

Ideal fluidization refers to the condition where the flow rate and fluid distribution are even, as shown in figure 3, where the solid particles are fully fluidized in an ideal state.

What happens during ineffective fluidization?

Ineffective fluidization occurs when the flow rate is not adequate to properly fluidize the particles, leading to irregular fluid movement and poor separation, as illustrated in figures 4 and 5.

What is the purpose of the fluidization characteristic curve?

The fluidization characteristic curve is used to determine the minimum fluidization velocity (Um), which is essential for understanding the flow rate needed to achieve proper fluidization in a reactor or column.

What equipment is used to measure the pressure differences in the fluidized columns?

The equipment used for measuring pressure differences in the fluidized columns are the manometers, which are used for both air and water columns to ensure proper pressure monitoring during fluidization.

What are the materials and fluids used in the fluidization experiment?

The materials used for fluidization in the experiment include polypropylene beads and ion-exchange resin, while the fluids used are water and compressed air.

Why is it important to ensure there are no leaks in the equipment before starting the experiment?

It is crucial to check for leaks to ensure that the experiment runs smoothly and accurately, as any leakage can affect the flow rate and the resulting fluidization process.

How is the particle density determined in the experiment?

Particle density is determined by using a pycnometer, where the mass of the pycnometer is measured both with and without the solid particles, and the volume of water filling the voids between the particles is used to calculate the density.

What precautions need to be taken before operating the fluidization equipment?

Before operating the fluidization equipment, ensure there are no leaks in the system, check the fluid levels in the feed tank, confirm that the valves are closed, and ensure the filters in the air fluidization column are properly installed.