Kebijakan Ekonomi pada Masa Demokrasi Liberal

Summary

In this video, Bu Amel discusses the economic challenges faced by Indonesia during the Liberal Democracy era. Key topics include the economic movements aimed at transforming Indonesia’s colonial economy into a national one. These included initiatives like the Benteng Economic Movement, the Gunting Syafruddin, and various nationalization programs. Despite efforts such as credit for pribumi entrepreneurs and industrial growth, the economy struggled with high debt, inflation, and poverty. The video also explores the political instability and separatist movements that impacted the economic situation. Ultimately, the video encourages viewers to consider which policies might have been most effective during this challenging period.

Takeaways

• 😀 The economic condition in Indonesia during the liberal democracy period was critical due to national disintegration and separatist movements.
• 😀 The government implemented various economic policies to address the challenges, including the transition from a colonial economy to a national one.
• 😀 The first key economic movement was the **Gerakan Ekonomi Benteng**, proposed by Sumitro Djojohadikusumo, aimed at strengthening indigenous entrepreneurs to compete with Chinese businesses.
• 😀 **Gunting Syafruddin**, introduced in 1950, sought to reduce the country’s deficit by cutting currency denominations and exchanging them for new banknotes.
• 😀 **Gerakan Asaat**, launched in 1956, aimed at supporting indigenous businesses through special licenses, though it led to anti-Chinese sentiments.
• 😀 The **Repelita (Five-Year Development Plan)**, developed between 1956-1960, aimed at promoting large industries, nationalizing foreign companies, and supporting public sector businesses.
• 😀 A significant part of the nationalization process included the takeover of foreign companies like Garuda Indonesia and PT Pelni, along with the De Javasche Bank becoming Bank Indonesia.
• 😀 The **Program Alibaba** was introduced to help indigenous entrepreneurs compete against Chinese businesses, though it was ultimately unsuccessful.
• 😀 The **Persetujuan Finek** agreement signed in 1956 focused on establishing bilateral financial relations between Indonesia and the Netherlands, leading to the dissolution of the Indonesia-Netherlands Union.
• 😀 Despite the implementation of various policies, Indonesia faced rising debt, high inflation, and heavy dependence on agricultural exports, which hindered long-term economic stability.

Q & A

What was the main economic issue faced by Indonesia during the Liberal Democracy period?

The main economic issue was the disintegration of the nation, including separatist movements and rebellions, which caused significant instability and hindered economic development.

Who was Sumitro Djojohadikusumo, and what was his contribution to Indonesia's economic policy?

Sumitro Djojohadikusumo, the father of Prabowo Subianto, proposed the 'Benteng Economy Movement,' which aimed to strengthen the indigenous middle class by providing credit to help them compete with Chinese entrepreneurs.

What was the purpose of the 'Gunting Syafruddin' policy?

The 'Gunting Syafruddin' policy, proposed by Syafruddin Prawiranegara, aimed to reduce the national deficit by cutting high-value banknotes and replacing them with new currency to stabilize the economy.

What was the impact of the 'Asaat Movement' on ethnic relations in Indonesia?

The 'Asaat Movement,' which began in 1956, focused on giving special licenses to indigenous entrepreneurs, but it also led to anti-Chinese sentiment and resulted in the destruction of property and violence against Chinese communities.

What was the 'Repelita' program, and what were its goals?

The 'Repelita' program, implemented between 1956 and 1960 under the direction of the National Planning Bureau (BPN), aimed to promote large-scale industries, public enterprises, and nationalize foreign-owned companies, including De Javasche Bank.

How did Indonesia nationalize foreign companies during the Liberal Democracy period?

Indonesia nationalized foreign companies, such as PT Pelni and Garuda Indonesia, as part of its efforts to take control of its economy and reduce foreign influence. This included taking over foreign-owned assets and replacing them with Indonesian ownership.

What was the significance of De Javasche Bank being renamed to Bank Indonesia?

De Javasche Bank was renamed to Bank Indonesia in 1953, becoming the central bank of Indonesia. This change marked a significant step in the nation's economic sovereignty, with Sjafruddin Prawiranegara becoming the first governor of Bank Indonesia.

What was the aim of the 'Alibaba Program,' and why did it fail?

The 'Alibaba Program' aimed to strengthen indigenous businesses by providing credit and licenses for them to compete with Chinese entrepreneurs. However, it ultimately failed because it could not successfully shift the balance of economic power.

What was the outcome of the 'Financial Economic Agreement' between Indonesia and the Netherlands in 1956?

The 'Financial Economic Agreement' of 1956, signed during the Burhanuddin Harahap cabinet, resulted in the dissolution of the Indonesia-Netherlands Union and established bilateral economic relations based on Indonesia's national laws after the Netherlands refused to sign the agreement.

What were the long-term economic challenges faced by Indonesia during the Liberal Democracy period?

Long-term challenges included a growing population, widespread poverty, and a low standard of living. Indonesia's reliance on agricultural exports and high national debt exacerbated the country's economic difficulties.