Romantismo em Portugal [Prof. Noslen]

Summary

The transcript delves into the exploration of Romanticism in Portugal, discussing its emergence in the 19th century, primarily beginning in 1825 with Almeida Garrett's work. The video explores the political and social climate in Portugal at the time, including civil conflicts, the influence of the French Revolution, and Napoleonic Wars. It highlights key characteristics of the Romanticism movement such as individualism, nostalgia, and the exaltation of nature, while also pointing out the influence of these elements on Brazilian Romanticism. The speaker also introduces prominent Portuguese writers, with a focus on the three generations of Romantic poets.

Takeaways

• 😀 Romanticism in Portugal began with the work 'Camões' by Almeida Garrett in 1825, marking the early stages of this literary movement.
• 😀 The full establishment of Romanticism in Portugal is dated from 1836 onwards, starting with works like 'A Voz do Profeta' by Alexandre Herculano.
• 😀 The political and social context of Portugal during the early Romantic period was influenced by civil wars, conflicts between liberals and conservatives, and the French invasion.
• 😀 Romanticism is not just about love, but also explores nationalism, exalting the country, nature, and heroic ideals.
• 😀 The Romantic era emphasized a strong sense of egocentrism, with a focus on personal emotions and subjective experiences.
• 😀 Sentimentalism in Romanticism includes not just love, but also themes of death, suffering, and longing, often without happy endings.
• 😀 One of the core characteristics of Romanticism was a reaction against Classicism, seeking freedom from formal rules and encouraging more creative expression.
• 😀 The movement saw a rise in idealization, whether of the nation, nature, or individuals, aiming to present things in their most perfect form.
• 😀 The Romantic era in Portugal was deeply affected by the political and social transformations, including the beginnings of Brazilian independence and the influence of the French Revolution.
• 😀 Key figures of Portuguese Romanticism include Almeida Garrett, Alexandre Herculano, and Camilo Castelo Branco, with works spanning three generations of poets and writers.
• 😀 The Romantic movement in Portugal had a profound impact on the later Romanticism in Brazil, with the Brazilian version retaining similar characteristics but adapting them to the country's context.

Q & A

What is the starting point of Romanticism in Portugal?

Romanticism in Portugal started with the work 'Camões' by Almeida Garrett in 1825, although the movement is generally considered to have started in 1836.

How does the Romanticism in Portugal reflect the historical context of the time?

Romanticism in Portugal reflects the social and political upheavals of the time, such as civil wars between liberals and conservatives, conflicts with France, and the struggle for independence. These events influenced the themes of patriotism, heroism, and national identity in Romantic literature.

Why is there a connection between Romanticism in Portugal and the broader European context?

Romanticism in Portugal followed the broader European trends, with events like the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars influencing the movement. The development of Romanticism in Portugal mirrors European intellectual movements, but it also adapts to the specific Portuguese political and cultural context.

What are some key characteristics of Romanticism in Portugal?

Key characteristics of Romanticism in Portugal include the cult of the fantastic, egocentrism, the 'mal do século' (illness of the century), medievalism, religiosity, sentimentalism, and an idealization of the past, nature, and the nation.

What role does nationalism play in Romanticism in Portugal?

Nationalism in Romanticism is expressed through the exaltation of the nation, the hero, and the homeland. Writers focused on idealizing the country, nature, and cultural identity as a way to foster pride and a sense of national unity.

How does Romanticism contrast with Classicism in terms of artistic freedom?

Romanticism emphasizes freedom in artistic creation, breaking away from the formal constraints of Classicism. Romantic writers sought to express personal feelings, emotions, and individual perspectives, as opposed to the structured and rule-bound approach of Classicism.

What is the 'mal do século' in Romantic literature?

'Mal do século' (illness of the century) refers to the melancholic and existential feeling of disillusionment and dissatisfaction with life that was prevalent during the Romantic era. It often manifests in themes of despair, longing, and the inability to find fulfillment.

How does the theme of heroism feature in Romanticism in Portugal?

Heroism in Romanticism is often depicted through medieval knights and national heroes who fought for independence or the construction of the nation. These heroic figures embody the values of bravery, sacrifice, and patriotism, which are central to the movement.

What role does idealization play in the Romantic movement in Portugal?

Idealization in Romanticism involves the portrayal of things in their most perfect or beautiful forms, whether it be the nation, nature, or even people. This idealization often contrasts with the harsh realities of life and reflects the Romantic desire to escape into a more perfect world.

Who are some important authors associated with the Romantic movement in Portugal?

Some key authors of Portuguese Romanticism include Almeida Garrett, Alexandre Herculano, Camilo Castelo Branco, and Júlio Dinis. These writers played significant roles in shaping the literary landscape of the time.