Simbolismo Portugal [Prof. Noslen]

Summary

This video lecture delves into the Symbolist movement in Portugal, exploring its emergence as a reaction against Realism in the late 19th century. The lecturer explains how the movement was shaped by the socio-political context, including the rise of the bourgeoisie, industrialization, and economic crises. Key authors like Eugénio de Castro, António Nobre, and Camilo Pessanha are highlighted for their contributions to the Symbolist literary landscape. The video also touches on the cultural impact of these developments in both Portugal and Brazil, and how Symbolism laid the groundwork for Modernism.

Takeaways

• 😀 Symbolism in Portugal emerged as a reaction to Realism, Naturalism, and Parnassianism, challenging the materialistic and rationalist views of those movements.
• 😀 The Symbolist movement in Portugal was influenced by the socio-economic changes of the late 19th century, including industrialization and the rise of the bourgeoisie.
• 😀 Eugénio de Castro's poetry collection *O Ar Estúdios* (1897) marks the start of the Symbolist movement in Portugal.
• 😀 Symbolist poets in Portugal rejected scientific, materialistic, and rational perspectives in favor of spiritual and metaphysical themes.
• 😀 Key characteristics of Symbolism include an emphasis on subjective experience, dream-like realities, and the use of synesthesia and musicality in poetry.
• 😀 António Nobre, another major figure in the Portuguese Symbolist movement, was known for his pessimistic and introspective poetry.
• 😀 Camilo Pessanha is considered the greatest Portuguese Symbolist poet, highly regarded for his work in the movement.
• 😀 The Symbolism movement in Portugal was influenced by the political climate, including the English Ultimatum of 1890 and the economic crisis of the time.
• 😀 The movement in Portugal lasted until 1915, with the onset of World War I marking the end of Symbolism and the rise of Modernism.
• 😀 Fernando Pessoa and Mário de Sá-Carneiro transitioned from Symbolism to Modernism, notably through the publication of *Orpheu* magazine.
• 😀 The lesson encourages further exploration of Symbolist works, with resources available for deeper study on the movement and its influence.

Q & A

What is the main literary movement discussed in the script?

The main literary movement discussed in the script is Symbolism in Portugal.

When did Symbolism emerge in Portugal?

Symbolism in Portugal emerged around 1897, marked by the publication of Eugénio de Castro's poetry collection 'Oar Estudos'.

How does Symbolism in Portugal differ from previous literary movements?

Symbolism in Portugal differs from previous movements like Realism and Naturalism by rejecting their focus on materialism, scientific reasoning, and rationalism, instead favoring metaphysical, spiritual, and subjective realities.

What historical context influenced the rise of Symbolism in Portugal?

The rise of Symbolism in Portugal was influenced by the historical context of industrialization, the rise of consumer markets, and the shift in bourgeois thinking, particularly during the late 19th century.

What was the impact of the British Ultimatum (Ultimato Inglês) on Portuguese society and literature?

The British Ultimatum of 1890, which represented British expansionist plans, significantly impacted Portuguese society, leading to national depression and contributing to the melancholic and pessimistic tone in Symbolist literature.

Who were some of the key authors associated with Portuguese Symbolism?

Key authors associated with Portuguese Symbolism include Eugénio de Castro, António Nobre, and Camilo Pessanha.

What are the main characteristics of Symbolism in Portuguese literature?

The main characteristics include the rejection of scientificism, materialism, and rationalism, a focus on metaphysical and spiritual themes, a strong emphasis on subjective realities, sublimation, the use of synesthesia, and musicality in poetry.

How did Symbolism in Portugal relate to political changes at the time?

Symbolism in Portugal reflected the political and economic crises of the time, such as the decline of the monarchy and the impending proclamation of the republic in 1910, which influenced the tone and themes of the movement.

How did the end of the Symbolism movement in Portugal coincide with the rise of Modernism?

The Symbolism movement in Portugal ended around 1915, coinciding with the beginning of World War I and the rise of Modernism, a movement that was represented by authors like Mário Sá Carneiro and Fernando Pessoa.

What role did Fernando Pessoa play in the development of Portuguese literature?

Fernando Pessoa played a crucial role in Portuguese literature by transitioning from Symbolism to Modernism. He was involved in the creation of the influential literary magazine 'Orpheu,' which marked the beginning of Modernism in Portugal.