SEJARAH RAKAI PANANGKARAN . KERAJAAN MEDANG MATARAM. #sejarahindonesia #sejarahkerajaan

Summary

The script details the reign of Rakai Sanjaya, the ruler of the Medang Mataram Kingdom in ancient Java. It highlights his leadership in establishing peace, prosperity, and religious influence, especially his promotion of Shaivism. The narrative further explores internal conflicts within the kingdom, particularly the struggle for power between Sanjaya's followers and those loyal to Buddhism, led by his brother-in-law, Rahiyanta Ihara. Despite conflicts, Sanjaya's legacy is cemented, and his son, Rakai Panangkaran, continues to build the kingdom while promoting Mahayana Buddhism, marking a significant cultural and religious shift in Java.

Takeaways

• 😀 Rakai Sanjaya ruled the Medang Mataram Kingdom, overseeing a prosperous and fertile land on the island of Java, known for its agricultural abundance and trade.
• 😀 Rakai Sanjaya was hailed as the leader of Nusa Jawa Dwipa, after defeating his enemies, and earned the title of Rakai Mataram Sang Ratu Sanjaya.
• 😀 During Sanjaya's reign, the people of Java thrived, with developments in agriculture, particularly in crops like rice, pepper, and cloves, alongside extensive trade in precious metals and other goods.
• 😀 The kingdom's prosperity extended to maritime trade, with Java's ports engaging in commerce with distant lands such as Swarnadwipa, Champa, and China.
• 😀 Religious worship was central to the culture, with a focus on Batara Siwa (Shiva), supported by the Mataram aristocracy, and numerous temples built for Shiva worship.
• 😀 A conflict arose between Rakai Sanjaya and Santanu, a Buddhist Mahayana practitioner and close confidant of the ruler, who attempted to usurp the throne.
• 😀 Santanu, supported by forces from Sriwijaya and Kadaram, led an attack on Java, but was eventually defeated by Sanjaya's forces, with the help of the Galuh Kingdom.
• 😀 After the conflict, Santanu was spared and became the ruler of the Sambara region, in northern Java, under the title of Slendra.
• 😀 After Rakai Sanjaya’s death in 746 CE, his son Diah Panca Panah succeeded him as the ruler of Medang Mataram, inheriting the vast kingdom.
• 😀 Unlike his father, who followed Shaivism, Sri Maharaja Rakai Panangkaran, Diah Panca Panah, was inclined towards Mahayana Buddhism, contributing to the construction of temples for the faith, such as Taraba Panam and Kalasan Vihara.
• 😀 Rakai Panangkaran's patronage of Mahayana Buddhism helped establish the spread of Buddhist teachings, with his administration fostering religious tolerance alongside the growth of the Syailendra dynasty in the region.

Q & A

Who was Rakai Sanjaya, and what was his significance in the history of Java?

Rakai Sanjaya was a ruler of the Medang Mataram Kingdom and became the leader of all of Java, known as 'Taraju Java Dwipa.' He was crucial in establishing a prosperous and peaceful rule over the land, with economic growth in agriculture, trade, and religious practices, particularly the worship of Batara Siwa.

What was the religious and cultural impact of Rakai Sanjaya's reign?

Rakai Sanjaya promoted the worship of Batara Siwa, which became a major religious practice among the Medang Mataram nobility. Additionally, his reign saw the construction of Siwalingga temples dedicated to Siwa worship, which played an essential role in the spiritual life of the people.

What was the role of trade during Rakai Sanjaya's rule?

Under Rakai Sanjaya, the people of Java were heavily involved in trade, exporting goods such as gold, silver, copper, sulfur, ivory, and turtle shells. They traded with distant lands like Swarnadwipa, Champa, and China, using large ships for long-distance voyages.

What conflict occurred towards the end of Rakai Sanjaya's reign?

Towards the end of his reign, a conflict broke out among the nobility of the Medang Mataram Kingdom, largely due to a power struggle involving Rakai Sanjaya's trusted figure, Santanu. Santanu, a Buddhist, attempted to seize the throne with support from Sriwijaya and Kadaram forces.

Who was Santanu, and what role did he play in the conflict?

Santanu, also known as Rahiyanta Ihara, was Rakai Sanjaya's brother-in-law and trusted confidant. A devout Buddhist, Santanu's conflict with Rakai Sanjaya arose due to their differing religious beliefs, leading him to seek to overthrow Sanjaya with the help of foreign powers.

What happened after Rakai Sanjaya's victory over Santanu's forces?

After defeating the combined forces of Sriwijaya and Kadaram, Rakai Sanjaya pardoned Santanu and allowed him to become the ruler of Sambara, a region on the northern coast of Java, under the title 'Slendra.'

How did Rakai Sanjaya's death impact the kingdom?

After Rakai Sanjaya's death in 746 CE, his son, Diah Panca Panah, succeeded him. His reign marked a shift in religious orientation, as Diah Panca Panah favored the teachings of Mahayana Buddhism over the strict Siwaist practices of his father.

What influence did Diah Panca Panah have on the religious landscape of Java?

Diah Panca Panah, who succeeded his father Rakai Sanjaya, promoted Mahayana Buddhism. He supported the construction of the Tarabafanam temple and the establishment of Vihara for Buddhist monks, significantly advancing Buddhism in the region.

What was the relationship between the kingdoms of Medang Mataram and Sambara?

The Kingdom of Medang Mataram, under the rule of Diah Panca Panah, maintained a complex relationship with the Kingdom of Sambara. The latter, ruled by Rahiyanta Ihara of the Syailendra dynasty, was a vassal of Medang Mataram but flourished as a center for Mahayana Buddhism in Java.

How did the Syailendra dynasty influence the religious and political landscape in Java?

The Syailendra dynasty, through figures like Rahiyanta Ihara, played a key role in spreading Mahayana Buddhism across Java. They established Buddhist centers like the Vihara in Kalasan and helped Medang Mataram foster a more tolerant religious environment.