Bentuk Negara, Bentuk Pemerintahan, dan Sistem Pemerintahan

Summary

This video explores the differences between presidential and parliamentary systems of government, highlighting the roles of the head of government and head of state. It discusses how power is distributed, with a focus on the cabinet formation, legislative interactions, and the dynamics between the winning and losing parties in elections. Additionally, it explains how the executive branch is accountable to the legislature, the process of resolving conflicts, and the role of the head of state in dissolving the parliament. The video encourages critical thinking about these political structures.

Takeaways

• 😀 The head of government is the Prime Minister, while the head of state is primarily a symbolic figure.
• 😀 In a parliamentary system, the executive is responsible to the legislative body.
• 😀 In a two-party system, the winner of the election forms the government and appoints the Prime Minister, while the losing party serves as the opposition.
• 😀 In a multi-party system, cabinet formation often involves coalitions to secure legislative support.
• 😀 Disputes between the cabinet and parliament are resolved by the head of state, who may dissolve parliament if necessary.
• 😀 The political system of a country can be understood by examining who holds power, whether there are fixed terms of office, and whether the public actively participates in governance.
• 😀 The critical analysis of political systems helps to understand the differences between presidential and parliamentary systems.
• 😀 A clear distinction exists between the roles of the head of state and the head of government in various political systems.
• 😀 The system of government affects the formation of the cabinet and the relationship between the executive and legislative branches.
• 😀 Understanding the separation of powers and the roles of elected officials is key to understanding how a country’s political system functions.

Q & A

What is the primary difference between a presidential system and a parliamentary system?

In a presidential system, the president is both the head of state and head of government, and they are elected separately from the legislature. In contrast, in a parliamentary system, the head of government is the prime minister, who is appointed by the legislature, and the head of state is typically a ceremonial figure.

What role does the executive play in a parliamentary system?

In a parliamentary system, the executive, led by the prime minister, is directly responsible to the legislature. The executive’s legitimacy depends on the confidence of the parliament, meaning the government can be dismissed by a vote of no confidence.

How does the electoral system impact the formation of a cabinet in a parliamentary system?

In a parliamentary system with a multi-party setup, the winning parties must form a coalition to establish a majority in the parliament. This often leads to a cabinet made up of members from different parties, ensuring that the government has the necessary support to function.

What happens if there is a conflict between the cabinet and the parliament in a parliamentary system?

If a conflict arises between the cabinet and the parliament, the head of state may intervene to resolve the issue. If the head of state deems the cabinet to be in a deadlock, they have the authority to dissolve the parliament and call for new elections.

What is the significance of the head of state in a parliamentary system?

The head of state in a parliamentary system serves largely as a symbolic or ceremonial figure. While they may have formal powers, their role is typically limited, and they do not have significant control over day-to-day governance.

What is the function of the opposition party in a parliamentary system?

In a parliamentary system, the opposition party consists of the parties that did not win the election. They play a critical role in holding the government accountable, offering alternative policies, and ensuring a balanced representation in the legislative process.

How does the process of cabinet formation differ in a multi-party system compared to a two-party system?

In a multi-party system, the formation of a cabinet typically requires coalition-building among different parties, as no single party may have an absolute majority. In a two-party system, the winning party usually forms a majority government without the need for coalition negotiations.

What is the importance of trust between the cabinet and the parliament in a parliamentary system?

Trust between the cabinet and the parliament is crucial in a parliamentary system because the government depends on the parliament’s confidence to stay in power. If the parliament loses trust in the cabinet, they can call for a vote of no confidence, potentially leading to the cabinet’s resignation or the dissolution of parliament.

How does a parliamentary system affect the role of the electorate in governance?

In a parliamentary system, the electorate plays a significant role in selecting the members of parliament, who in turn choose the prime minister and influence the formation of the government. The public indirectly affects governance through their votes, which determine the composition of parliament.

What criteria are used to judge the effectiveness of a country's system of government?

A country's system of government can be judged based on factors such as the distribution of power, the presence of checks and balances, the process for government turnover, and whether the people have a role in decision-making or are passive observers.