Sistem Pemerintahan Parlementer. #MateriPKN

Summary

In this video, the presenter explains Indonesia's government system, emphasizing its evolution after constitutional amendments. The system is primarily presidential, with elements of parliamentary governance. The president is the head of state and government but is not directly accountable to the parliament. Key changes include direct presidential elections and a bicameral legislature. The presenter compares the presidential system with the parliamentary system, highlighting differences such as the role of the prime minister, the ability of the parliament to dissolve the cabinet, and the balance of power between branches. The video also covers the pros and cons of each system, encouraging viewers to engage with the content.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Indonesian government system primarily follows a presidential system, but with parliamentary elements.
• 😀 The president serves as both the head of state and government, independent of direct parliamentary oversight.
• 😀 Some variations of the presidential system in Indonesia include the president's dismissal by MPR with DPR's approval and the need for DPR's consent on presidential appointments and policies.
• 😀 The direct presidential election began in 2004, shifting from the previous system where the president was elected by MPR.
• 😀 Indonesia has a bicameral system, consisting of two legislative bodies: DPR (People's Representative Council) and DPD (Regional Representative Council).
• 😀 The People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) is no longer the highest institution in Indonesia after amendments to the constitution.
• 😀 The parliamentary system involves the direct election of members of parliament by the public, with the parliament holding significant legislative power.
• 😀 In the parliamentary system, the Prime Minister is selected by the parliament to lead the executive branch, unlike in the presidential system where the president directly appoints ministers.
• 😀 In a parliamentary system, the executive is responsible to the parliament and can be dismissed if it loses the majority's support.
• 😀 A key feature of the parliamentary system is that the head of state (president or monarch) is separate from the head of government (Prime Minister), as seen in countries with a monarchy like the UK, France, and Australia.

Q & A

What is the main topic discussed in this video?

The main topic of the video is the system of government in Indonesia, specifically the differences between the presidential and parliamentary systems.

What are the key features of Indonesia's presidential system after the amendment of the constitution?

Key features include a presidential system where the president is both the head of state and the head of government, and the president is not directly controlled by the parliament. The president can be dismissed by the MPR (People's Consultative Assembly) under certain conditions, and the president requires parliament's approval for certain decisions.

How did the direct presidential election system come about in Indonesia?

The direct presidential election system was first implemented in 2004, where the president began to be directly elected by the people, instead of being elected by the MPR as it was before.

What is the role of the parliament (DPR and DPD) in Indonesia’s governance?

The parliament, consisting of the DPR (People's Representative Council) and DPD (Regional Representative Council), plays a significant role in lawmaking and budgetary control. The parliament also holds greater power in terms of oversight and making legislative decisions.

What distinguishes the parliamentary system of government from the presidential system?

In a parliamentary system, the head of government is the prime minister, selected from and accountable to the parliament. In contrast, in a presidential system, the president is elected directly by the people and is not accountable to the legislature.

What is a key characteristic of the cabinet in a parliamentary system?

In a parliamentary system, the cabinet is formed by ministers who are accountable to the parliament. The cabinet can be dismissed if the parliament expresses a lack of confidence in it.

How is the prime minister chosen in a parliamentary system?

In a parliamentary system, the prime minister is chosen from the members of parliament and is usually the leader of the majority party or coalition in the legislature.

What happens when a parliamentary system government loses majority support in the legislature?

If the government loses majority support in the legislature, the parliament may issue a 'no-confidence' motion, leading to the dismissal of the cabinet and possibly the appointment of a new prime minister.

What are the advantages of a parliamentary system?

Advantages include faster policy-making due to closer alignment between the executive and legislative branches, clearer accountability, and stronger oversight of the cabinet by the parliament.

What are some disadvantages of the parliamentary system?

Disadvantages include the instability of the executive branch, as the cabinet can be dismissed at any time if the majority in parliament changes. Additionally, there is a risk of the cabinet controlling the parliament if most of its members belong to the ruling party.