Object Oriented Programming Part 1 | C ++ Tutorial | Mr. Kishore

Summary

This video introduces Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in C++, starting with an explanation of function-oriented programming in C. The speaker compares the advantages and limitations of function-oriented approaches, such as error detection and reusability, while highlighting the problems posed by global variables. The transition to OOP is then explained, emphasizing how data and functions are encapsulated within objects, solving issues of data security through data hiding. The session concludes with a preview of key OOP principles in C++, including classes, objects, inheritance, and polymorphism, which will be further explored in the next session.

Takeaways

• 😀 C++ is an extension of the C language, and understanding C is essential before diving into C++.
• 😀 C is a function-oriented programming language, where the program is divided into smaller pieces called functions.
• 😀 The main advantage of function-oriented programming is easier error identification and improved performance for smaller programs.
• 😀 A function-oriented approach allows reusability of code, where functions can be used multiple times without needing to be rewritten.
• 😀 However, function-oriented programming has issues with global variables being accessible by any function, which can lead to unprotected or insecure data.
• 😀 The concept of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) was introduced to overcome the issues in function-oriented programming, especially to secure data.
• 😀 In OOP, both data and functions are bound together within an object, providing better security and data protection compared to global variables in C.
• 😀 C++ introduces classes, where each object in the class can contain its own data (variables) and methods (functions), ensuring that data is only accessible through the object's methods.
• 😀 An example of OOP can be seen with a student class, where each student (object) has its own ID, name, and fees, and functions related to student operations.
• 😀 Modern applications, including those in supermarkets (e.g., bills), are also built on object-oriented principles, with each item and its details treated as separate objects.
• 😀 Key features of OOP in C++ include classes, objects, inheritance, and polymorphism, which will be explored in the next session.

Q & A

What is Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in C++?

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in C++ is a programming paradigm where the program is structured around objects, which encapsulate both data and functions. This approach aims to make programs more modular, secure, and maintainable by combining related functions and data into objects, offering features like data hiding and reusability.

Why is it important to understand Function-Oriented Programming (POP) before Object-Oriented Programming?

Understanding Function-Oriented Programming (POP) is crucial because it provides a foundation for recognizing the limitations of function-based structures. By understanding the advantages and challenges of POP, we can better appreciate how OOP addresses issues such as data security and program modularity.

What is the main advantage of dividing a large program into smaller functions in POP?

The main advantage of dividing a large program into smaller functions is that it simplifies error detection, reduces memory usage, and improves performance. By isolating sections of the program, errors can be identified more easily, and smaller programs consume less memory and run faster.

What is a major problem with using global variables in Function-Oriented Programming?

The major problem with global variables in POP is that they are accessible by all functions in the program, making it difficult to track which function is using which variable. This can lead to potential security risks, as the data is not protected and can be modified unexpectedly by any function.

How does Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) solve the issue of global variables in POP?

In OOP, the data and functions are encapsulated within objects, preventing unauthorized access by external functions. This ensures that data is protected, as it can only be accessed or modified by the methods defined within the object, solving the problem of data security in POP.

What is the concept of 'reusability' in functions, and how does it benefit programming?

Reusability refers to the ability to write a function once and use it multiple times throughout a program. This concept enhances code efficiency and reduces redundancy, as the same function can be reused in various parts of the program without needing to be rewritten.

What is the key difference between Function-Oriented Programming (POP) and Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)?

The key difference is that in POP, functions and data are separate, and functions can access global data. In contrast, OOP combines data and functions into objects, allowing for better data protection, modularity, and reusability.

What are the primary components of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)?

The primary components of OOP include classes, objects, inheritance, and polymorphism. Classes define the blueprint for objects, which are instances of the class. Inheritance allows for the creation of new classes based on existing ones, and polymorphism enables objects to be treated as instances of their parent class while maintaining unique behaviors.

How does Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) improve the security of applications?

OOP improves security by encapsulating data within objects and restricting access to it through member functions. This concept, known as data hiding, ensures that data is not directly accessible or modifiable by outside functions, reducing the risk of unintended changes and improving data integrity.

What real-world example was used to explain the concept of objects in Object-Oriented Programming?

A real-world example used to explain OOP was a supermarket bill. Each item in the bill represents an object, where the item's details (like quantity, price, and amount) are encapsulated within the object. This demonstrates how OOP structures data into objects that hold relevant information and behavior, similar to how each product has its own specific details.