Object Oriented vs. Procedural Programming Paradigm

Summary

This lesson introduces programming paradigms, focusing on the differences between Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) and Procedural Programming. It explains that OOP divides programs into objects, supports inheritance, and emphasizes data security with access specifiers, making it more secure. Procedural Programming, on the other hand, divides programs into functions, lacks inheritance, and has limited data protection. The lesson also touches on how languages like C++, Java, and Python fit into these paradigms, with C++ being a hybrid language. The next lesson promises a detailed comparison between C and C++.

Takeaways

• 📚 Programming paradigms classify programming languages based on their features.
• 🔍 Two common paradigms are Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) and Procedural Programming.
• 🧩 OOP divides programs into objects, while Procedural Programming divides programs into functions.
• 🔄 OOP supports code reuse through inheritance, unlike Procedural Programming, which lacks this feature.
• ➕ OOP supports function overloading, whereas Procedural Programming does not.
• 🔐 OOP includes access specifiers for better data security, which are absent in Procedural Programming.
• 🔒 In OOP, data is prioritized and can be protected, making it more secure than in Procedural Programming.
• 💻 Languages like C++, Java, Python, and C# follow the OOP paradigm.
• 💼 Procedural Programming includes languages like C, FORTRAN, Pascal, and BASIC.
• 🌐 C++ is a hybrid language, supporting both OOP and Procedural paradigms, bridging the gap between the two.

Q & A

What are programming paradigms?

Programming paradigms are a way to classify programming languages based on their features and approaches to problem-solving.

What is the primary difference between Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) and Procedural Programming?

The primary difference is that in OOP, the program is divided into objects, while in procedural programming, it is divided into functions.

Why is code reusability higher in OOP compared to procedural programming?

Code reusability is higher in OOP because it supports inheritance, allowing for the maximum extent of code reuse, whereas procedural programming lacks this feature.

Does OOP support function overloading, and if so, what does it mean?

Yes, OOP supports function overloading, which means that multiple functions can have the same name but different parameters.

What are access specifiers in OOP, and why are they important?

Access specifiers in OOP are keywords like public, private, and protected that determine the accessibility of class members. They are important because they enhance security by allowing selective exposure of data to the outside world.

How does the OOP paradigm handle data security differently from procedural programming?

In OOP, data security is managed through access specifiers, allowing for data hiding, whereas procedural programming lacks this mechanism, making data less secure.

What is the significance of data in OOP compared to procedural programming?

In OOP, data is treated with higher priority than functions due to the use of access specifiers and data hiding, making data more important. In procedural programming, data is less prioritized as there is no proper data hiding mechanism.

Which programming languages are examples of OOP paradigm?

Examples of OOP paradigm languages include C++, Java, Python, and C#.

Which programming languages are examples of procedural programming paradigm?

Examples of procedural programming paradigm languages include C, FORTRAN, Pascal, and BASIC.

Why is C++ referred to as a hybrid language?

C++ is referred to as a hybrid language because it supports both OOP and procedural programming paradigms.

What will be the focus of the next lesson according to the script?

The next lesson will explore in detail the differences between C and C++ languages.