Sprachvarietäten einfach erklärt in Deutsch!

Summary

This YouTube video from the 'Learning by Watching' channel explores the concept of specialized languages, also known as registers, within different groups. The presenter delves into the nature of jargon used by specific professions like doctors and biologists (technical language), as well as colloquial variations influenced by bilingual communities (ethnolects). Additionally, the video touches on social dialects (sociolects), which are characteristic of particular social groups, and the regional variations of dialects across Germany. The aim is to shed light on the unique ways language adapts to different societal contexts.

Takeaways

• 😀 Fachsprache (specialized language) is a variant of a language that is used primarily within professional groups, such as doctors, biologists, and other academic professions.
• 😀 Fachsprache has its own vocabulary, including terms and expressions that are not commonly found in standard language.
• 😀 Unlike dialects, Fachsprache is written as well as spoken and adheres to specific grammatical and syntactical rules.
• 😀 Example: 'Latinos abriss ist irreversibel' means a muscle tear cannot heal, illustrating how specialized terms function in Fachsprache.
• 😀 Ethnolekt (ethnic dialect) is a variant of a language that is influenced by the cultural and linguistic background of bilingual individuals, especially in multicultural societies.
• 😀 Ethnolekts often emerge when individuals from different cultural backgrounds, such as Turkish, Italian, or Polish communities, blend their native languages with the dominant language of the country they live in.
• 😀 Ethnolekts do not follow standardized grammar or syntax rules and are spoken, not written.
• 😀 A key feature of ethnolekts is the mixing of languages, such as Turkish and German in Germany, to create a unique linguistic form.
• 😀 Soziolekt (sociolect) is a variation of language spoken by specific social groups, such as youth or sports enthusiasts, and often has its own vocabulary that may not be understandable to outsiders.
• 😀 Example of Soziolekt: 'Kein Ding' in youth language means 'no problem' or 'you're welcome.' This demonstrates how social groups develop their own linguistic expressions.
• 😀 Like ethnolekt, Soziolekt is spoken but not written, and it lacks formal grammatical or syntactical norms.
• 😀 Dialects are regional variations of a language that are geographically defined and often have unique vocabulary that is not found in the standard language.
• 😀 Dialects, while spoken in certain regions, do not have standardized spelling or grammar rules, making them informal and flexible in their use.
• 😀 Example: The expression 'Es kommt es kommt dann wie Markets' from a dialect in the Cologne region highlights how dialects vary across regions.
• 😀 Dialects are found across different regions of a country, such as West Low German, East Low German, or Alemannic, and each region has its own distinctive features.

Q & A

What is Fachsprache (technical language), and how is it different from regular language?

Fachsprache, or technical language, is a specialized form of a language used by specific professional or interest groups. It differs from regular language by having its own vocabulary, grammar, and syntactical norms that are used for specific fields such as medicine, biology, or other academic professions.

How is Fachsprache used in different professions?

Fachsprache is used by professionals in specific fields like doctors, biologists, or engineers. Each profession has its own distinct set of terminology and rules for communication, which may not be easily understood by those outside the field.

What makes Fachsprache distinct from dialects?

Fachsprache is a formal, written, and spoken language used in professional contexts with specific vocabulary and grammar, whereas dialects are regional variations of a language that are usually spoken and not standardized in writing.

Can you give an example of Fachsprache from the medical field?

An example from the medical field could be the term 'muscle strain' being described as 'muskelabriss' in Fachsprache, which translates literally to an irreversible muscle fiber tear.

What is an Ethnolect, and how does it develop?

An Ethnolect is a variant of a language used by a particular ethnic group, often developing when two languages mix, like Turkish and German in Germany. It involves a unique vocabulary and grammatical structure, and it is typically spoken but not standardized in writing.

What is the primary difference between Ethnolects and other language forms?

Ethnolects are primarily spoken and not standardized in writing, with no formal grammatical or syntactical rules. They often emerge in multicultural settings where different linguistic groups interact, blending vocabulary and expressions from multiple languages.

How does the development of an Ethnolect differ between regions?

Ethnolects often develop in specific regions due to large groups of people from certain ethnic backgrounds moving to that area. For example, in Germany, the Turkish-German Ethnolect emerged when many Turkish people immigrated and created a blend of Turkish and German.

What is a Sociolect, and how does it differ from an Ethnolect?

A Sociolect is a language variation used by specific social groups, such as youth or sports enthusiasts, and is often associated with a particular social identity. It differs from an Ethnolect because Sociolects are based on social factors rather than ethnic origin and may include jargon or slang specific to a group.

What are some examples of Sociolects mentioned in the script?

Examples of Sociolects mentioned include youth language (Jugendsprache), which is spoken mainly by young people, and sports-specific language, which is used by those involved in particular hobbies or sports.

What are the key features of a Dialect?

A dialect is a regional variant of a language, with distinct vocabulary and pronunciations that set it apart from the standard language. Dialects are typically spoken and not written, and they may not follow standardized grammatical rules.

How do dialects vary across different regions in Germany?

In Germany, dialects vary significantly across regions. For instance, Northern Germany uses West Low German, while Southern regions speak Alemannic, and Central Germany uses East Central German. These regional differences are evident in both vocabulary and pronunciation.

Why do dialects lack standardization in grammar and spelling?

Dialects are primarily spoken, and they evolve naturally in specific geographic regions. Since they are not intended for formal writing or standardized communication, there are no universally accepted rules for grammar or spelling, making them flexible and informal in nature.

How does the development of Jugendsprache (youth language) impact communication?

Jugendsprache is a dynamic, evolving language used primarily by young people to express themselves in unique ways. It often includes slang or new words that may not be understood by older generations, highlighting the social divide and creating a sense of identity within youth groups.