Teori Kesenjangan Relatif dan Mobilisasi Sumber Daya

Summary

This video explores the sociological theories behind the emergence of social movements. It focuses on two main theories: the Relative Deprivation Theory, which explains how social movements arise from the perception of inequality, and the Resource Mobilization Theory, which emphasizes the importance of having access to resources (material and non-material) to effectively mobilize for change. The speaker discusses how individuals who feel disadvantaged compared to others may initiate a movement, but also highlights that mobilizing resources is essential for such movements to succeed. These theories provide a sociological lens for understanding collective action and societal changes.

Takeaways

• 😀 Social movements often arise when people feel deprived or less fortunate compared to others in society.
• 😀 Relative Deprivation Theory explains that social movements emerge due to a perceived gap between what people believe they deserve and their actual situation.
• 😀 Feelings of deprivation are often based on comparisons to others, especially concerning welfare and freedom.
• 😀 The key motivation behind social movements, according to Relative Deprivation Theory, is to bridge the gap between the 'should be' and the 'is'.
• 😀 A person’s sense of injustice or deprivation motivates them to take action, leading to the initiation of social movements.
• 😀 Relative deprivation is not absolute; it’s relative to the conditions and expectations within a specific society or group.
• 😀 In societies with perceived inequalities, those who feel disadvantaged may organize to eliminate these disparities, driving social movements.
• 😀 Resource Mobilization Theory complements Relative Deprivation Theory by explaining that social movements require not just a sense of deprivation, but also the resources to take action.
• 😀 Social movements cannot succeed without adequate resources, which can be material (money, buildings, equipment) or non-material (networks, social connections).
• 😀 The presence of resources allows movements to organize, mobilize, and sustain themselves, while a lack of resources can hinder the effectiveness of movements.
• 😀 Both theories highlight the importance of collective feelings of deprivation and the necessary resources to transform these feelings into a social movement.

Q & A

What is the main concept of relative deprivation theory?

Relative deprivation theory suggests that social movements arise when people perceive themselves as less fortunate compared to others, creating a sense of inequality or gap between what is and what should be. This perception often leads to dissatisfaction and the desire for change.

How does relative deprivation lead to social movements?

Social movements are triggered when individuals feel a sense of injustice or inequality, often when comparing their situation to others who are more fortunate. This can lead to feelings of deprivation, sparking actions to close the perceived gap.

Can relative deprivation be considered an absolute condition?

No, relative deprivation is not an absolute condition. It is based on the comparison between individuals' circumstances and those of others. For example, poverty in the U.S. may be perceived as deprivation, but the same condition may not be considered poverty in other countries.

What role does comparison play in relative deprivation theory?

Comparison plays a critical role in relative deprivation theory. People compare their life circumstances with others, especially in terms of wealth, freedom, or opportunity. If they feel they are worse off, they may experience a sense of deprivation that motivates them to act.

How does the resource mobilization theory complement the relative deprivation theory?

Resource mobilization theory adds to the understanding of social movements by emphasizing that, in addition to feelings of deprivation, a social movement requires resources to be successful. These resources could include money, organizational capacity, networks, and other means that enable action.

Why do some people who feel deprived not engage in social movements?

According to resource mobilization theory, even though many people may feel deprived, they might not engage in social movements because they lack the necessary resources, such as financial support, organizational networks, or other material means to initiate or sustain such movements.

What are some examples of resources that can support a social movement?

Resources for social movements can be material (such as money, office space, and equipment) or non-material (such as networks, knowledge, and relationships that help mobilize people). These resources are essential for organizing and sustaining a movement.

What is the key difference between relative deprivation and absolute poverty?

Relative deprivation is a subjective feeling of being disadvantaged when compared to others, while absolute poverty refers to a state where basic human needs are not met, regardless of comparisons with others. The focus in relative deprivation is on perceived inequality.

How does social comparison affect people's perception of fairness or justice?

Social comparison significantly influences people's perception of fairness. When individuals see others enjoying better conditions, they may feel that the system is unfair, leading to feelings of resentment and a desire for change or justice through social movements.

What is the purpose of social movements according to the relative deprivation theory?

The purpose of social movements, according to relative deprivation theory, is to reduce or eliminate the perceived inequalities or gaps between what individuals believe they deserve and what they actually have. The movement seeks to change social conditions to address these disparities.