Vídeo Aula 115 - Anatomia Humana - Sistema Articular - Articulações do Quadril e da Cintura Pélvica

Summary

In this video lesson, Rogério teaches about the anatomy of the hip joint and the pelvic girdle. He explains the skeletal structure, highlighting the distinction between the axial and appendicular skeletons, and describes the pelvis as part of the appendicular skeleton. The main focus is on the three key articulations: sacroiliac, pubic symphysis, and the hip joint (coxofemoral), each with distinct characteristics. Rogério discusses the movements each joint allows, their classifications, and their role in stabilizing and supporting body movements, particularly during walking and childbirth. The lesson also includes practical applications and potential issues like sacroiliac joint pain during pregnancy.

Takeaways

• 😀 The pelvic girdle connects the axial skeleton (spine, ribcage, and skull) to the appendicular skeleton (limbs), with the pelvic bones being part of the lower limbs.
• 😀 The pelvis consists of three key parts: the iliac (upper part), ischium (lower part), and pubis (anterior part).
• 😀 The main joints in the pelvis and hip include the sacroiliac joint, pubic symphysis, and the coxofemoral (hip) joint.
• 😀 The coxofemoral joint (hip joint) is a ball-and-socket synovial joint that allows a wide range of movements including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, external rotation, and internal rotation.
• 😀 The sacroiliac joint connects the sacrum to the ilium and is classified as a planar or arthrodial joint, allowing for small sliding movements during walking to help absorb shock.
• 😀 The pubic symphysis is a fibrocartilaginous joint that connects the two pubic bones, providing flexibility and stability, especially during activities like walking and childbirth.
• 😀 The coxofemoral joint is crucial for most leg movements and is similar in structure and function to the glenohumeral joint in the shoulder.
• 😀 The sacroiliac joint, while allowing minimal movement, helps with load distribution and shock absorption to protect the lower back.
• 😀 Pregnancy and childbirth can impact the pubic symphysis, with a hormone called relaxin increasing flexibility to allow the pelvis to expand for delivery, sometimes leading to post-pregnancy pain or instability.
• 😀 Understanding the anatomy and function of the pelvic and hip joints is essential for comprehending how the body supports weight, facilitates movement, and adapts to stresses during daily activities and childbirth.

Q & A

What is the pelvic girdle and how is it formed?

The pelvic girdle, also known as the pelvis, is formed by the union of the axial skeleton (spinal column, thoracic cage, and skull) and the appendicular skeleton (lower limbs). It connects the upper body to the lower limbs.

What bones are included in the axial skeleton?

The axial skeleton includes the vertebral column, the rib cage, and the skull.

What is the difference between the axial and appendicular skeleton?

The axial skeleton consists of the bones along the body's central axis, such as the spine, ribs, and skull. The appendicular skeleton refers to the bones of the limbs and their attachments to the axial skeleton, such as the shoulder girdle and pelvic girdle.

What are the three parts of the hip bone?

The hip bone (also called the pelvic bone) is divided into three parts: the superior part is the ilium, the anterior part is the pubis, and the inferior part is the ischium.

What is the acetabulum and what is its role?

The acetabulum is a cup-shaped cavity in the hip bone where the head of the femur (thigh bone) fits, forming the hip joint. It allows for a wide range of motion in the hip.

What are the three main joints in the pelvic girdle and hip?

The three main joints are: the sacroiliac joint (between the sacrum and ilium), the pubic symphysis (between the left and right pubic bones), and the coxofemoral joint (the hip joint between the acetabulum and the head of the femur).

What is the classification and function of the coxofemoral joint?

The coxofemoral joint is a synovial, ball-and-socket (spheroidal) joint. It allows six types of movement: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, external rotation, and internal rotation.

What type of joint is the sacroiliac joint, and what movement does it allow?

The sacroiliac joint is a plane (artrodial) synovial joint, allowing small, gliding movements that help absorb shock and support weight transfer during walking.

What role does the pubic symphysis play during walking?

The pubic symphysis, made of fibrocartilage, helps provide stability and flexibility to the pelvic region, particularly during walking, by absorbing shock and maintaining structural integrity between the two pubic bones.

How does pregnancy affect the pubic symphysis and pelvis?

During pregnancy, the hormone relaxin causes the pubic symphysis to become more flexible, allowing the pelvis to expand for childbirth. After multiple pregnancies, the pubic symphysis can become fibrosed, leading to increased movement or diastasis, which may cause discomfort or pain.