B 05 - Modernismo no Brasil: 1ª Fase - Literatura - Vestibulando Digital

Summary

This video lesson explores the first phase of Modernism in Brazil, specifically from 1922 to 1930. It highlights the characteristics of this era, including a desire for freedom, the rejection of past norms, and a focus on nationalism. Key authors such as Mário de Andrade, Oswald de Andrade, Manuel Bandeira, and Alcântara Machado are discussed. Their works, like 'Pauliceia Desvairada,' 'Macunaíma,' and 'Libertinagem,' are analyzed for their innovative use of language, humor, and national identity. The lesson emphasizes the modernists' rejection of romanticized heroism and their push for a more liberated, colloquial form of expression.

Takeaways

• 😀 The first phase of Brazilian Modernism, known as the 'heroic' phase, took place between 1922 and 1930, characterized by a desire for freedom, rupture, and the destruction of the past.
• 😀 The main authors of this phase include Mário de Andrade, Oswald de Andrade, Manuel Bandeira, and Alcântara Machado, with a focus on poetry and some prose works.
• 😀 Mário de Andrade is considered the 'Pope' of Brazilian Modernism. His works, such as 'Pauliceia Desvairada,' exemplify a break from traditional literary forms and embrace the popular and folkloric language.
• 😀 'Macunaíma,' a novel by Mário de Andrade, is a rhapsodic work that critiques Brazilian nationality through the story of an anti-hero with a playful, irreverent nature.
• 😀 Oswald de Andrade is known for his irreverence and humor, creating innovative literary forms such as the 'poema piada' (poem joke) and 'poema pílula' (pill poem).
• 😀 Oswald's works often defied traditional narrative structures, using fragmented chapters that resemble the technique of cubist painting, presenting multiple perspectives simultaneously.
• 😀 Manuel Bandeira, initially influenced by Parnassianism, evolved into a key figure in Modernism, known for his colloquial style and incorporation of themes like illness and everyday life.
• 😀 Bandeira's poem 'Poética' challenges the conventions of polite, controlled lyricism, advocating for a more liberated, unrestrained approach to poetry.
• 😀 Bandeira's use of humor and irony, as seen in his poem about his own tuberculosis, became one of the defining traits of his work.
• 😀 Alcântara Machado’s short story collection 'Bras Besig Barrafunda' explores the assimilation of Italian immigrants in São Paulo, reflecting the cultural fusion of languages, such as the creation of the 'macarrônico' (Macaroni Portuguese).

Q & A

What was the main goal of the Brazilian Modernist movement in the early 20th century?

The Brazilian Modernist movement aimed to break free from traditional artistic forms and structures, promoting innovation, cultural nationalism, and the destruction of the past. It emphasized freedom, rupture, and a rejection of outdated conventions, particularly in literature.

Who are the key authors of the first phase of Brazilian Modernism?

The main authors of the first phase, known as the 'heroic' phase, are Mário de Andrade, Oswald de Andrade, Manuel Bandeira, and Alcântara Machado.

What is the time period of the first phase of Brazilian Modernism?

The first phase of Brazilian Modernism, also known as the 'heroic' phase, spans from 1922 to 1930.

What characteristics define the first phase of Brazilian Modernism?

The first phase is characterized by a desire for freedom, rupture with the past, linguistic innovation, and a strong sense of nationalism. The movement sought to break from traditional structures, especially those of Parnassianism.

How did Mário de Andrade contribute to Brazilian Modernism?

Mário de Andrade is considered one of the key figures of Brazilian Modernism. He was passionate about São Paulo and used his writing to challenge traditional structures. His work 'Pauliceia Desvairada' is one of the first truly Modernist books, and he also wrote the influential novel 'Macunaíma', which is a satirical rhapsody exploring Brazilian identity.

What is the significance of the book 'Macunaíma' in Brazilian Modernism?

'Macunaíma', written by Mário de Andrade, is a key Modernist work that blends folklore, popular culture, and national identity. It tells the story of an anti-hero, Macunaíma, and challenges traditional notions of heroism, making it a critical piece in the exploration of Brazilian cultural identity.

What is a 'rapsódia', and how is it related to 'Macunaíma'?

A 'rapsódia' is a literary composition that blends elements of folklore, music, and culture. In 'Macunaíma', Mário de Andrade uses this form to mix diverse cultural elements, creating a narrative that reflects the complexity of Brazilian national identity.

How does Oswald de Andrade's approach to poetry differ from traditional forms?

Oswald de Andrade is known for his irreverent, combative style. He innovated by using humor, irony, and short, punchy poems that often carried a deeper poetic meaning. His work sought to bring national elements into literature through Modernist techniques, and he is also known for creating the 'poema piada' (joke poem).

What role did Manuel Bandeira play in the Modernist movement?

Manuel Bandeira initially followed traditional poetic forms but evolved into one of the most significant Modernist poets. His work, particularly in 'Libertinagem', embraced colloquial language and humor. He also explored personal themes such as illness and the human condition, marking his evolution as a Modernist figure.

What is the concept of 'poética' in Manuel Bandeira's work?

In his poem 'Poética', Manuel Bandeira rejects traditional, 'well-behaved' poetry. He advocates for a freer, more passionate style, using imagery of madness and drunkenness to express the raw emotion and freedom he sought in his writing.

What is the significance of humor and irony in Manuel Bandeira's poetry?

Humor and irony are central to Bandeira's poetry. He often used these elements to address serious subjects, such as his own illness and the human condition, with a tone that was both light-hearted and profound. His humor helped to challenge conventional poetic norms.

What is the 'português macarrônico' featured in Alcântara Machado's work?

In Alcântara Machado's work, particularly in his collection 'Bras Besig Barrafunda', the 'português macarrônico' refers to a blend of Portuguese and Italian, reflecting the influence of Italian immigrants in São Paulo. This hybrid language became a symbol of the cultural assimilation process in Brazil during the early 20th century.