Praktikum Kimia Organik "Pembuatan Etil Asetat"

Summary

This video provides a detailed walkthrough of an esterification experiment, specifically the synthesis of ethyl acetate. The process begins with the careful preparation of materials, including ethanol, acetic acid, and sulfuric acid, followed by a controlled distillation process. Key steps include the use of proper safety measures, like wearing gloves and masks, and the use of specialized equipment such as distillation setups and a pycnometer for determining the density of the final product. The video also emphasizes careful monitoring of temperature and the proper handling of chemicals to ensure a successful outcome in the lab.

Takeaways

• 😀 Laboratory safety precautions must be followed, including wearing gloves, lab coats, and masks, due to the use of hazardous chemicals.
• 😀 The esterification reaction involves the synthesis of ethyl acetate from ethanol and acetic acid.
• 😀 Essential equipment includes a heating mantle, a round-bottom flask, distillation apparatus, separating funnel, pipette, and condenser.
• 😀 The reaction requires sulfuric acid (H2SO4) as a catalyst and calcium chloride (CaCl2) as a drying agent.
• 😀 In the first step, 50 mL of ethanol is mixed with 50 mL of acetic acid and heated in a round-bottom flask, with the addition of sulfuric acid in a fume hood due to its corrosive nature.
• 😀 A distillation process is used to separate the products, with the condensers being supplied with water to cool the vapors and facilitate condensation.
• 😀 The reaction mixture is heated for about 20 minutes while carefully monitoring temperature and ensuring proper cooling of the condenser.
• 😀 Once the distillation yields two-thirds of the initial volume, the heating is stopped, and the distillate is separated into layers using a separating funnel.
• 😀 The organic phase (ethyl acetate) is washed with a 20% Na2CO3 solution to remove impurities and excess acid.
• 😀 The final ethyl acetate is filtered through a paper filter and its density is determined using a pycnometer, allowing for the identification of the product's purity.

Q & A

What is the primary objective of this experiment?

The primary objective of the experiment is to perform an esterification reaction between acetic acid and ethanol to produce ethyl acetate.

Why is it important to wear gloves, a lab coat, and a mask during the experiment?

Wearing gloves, a lab coat, and a mask is crucial because the chemicals used in the experiment, such as sulfuric acid and ethanol, can be hazardous to health. These safety measures help protect the skin, eyes, and respiratory system from exposure.

What equipment is needed for the esterification process?

The essential equipment for the esterification process includes a heating mantle, stand and clamp, round-bottom flask, distillation apparatus with a condenser, separatory funnel, pipette, beaker, thermometer, pycnometer, and CaCl₂ for drying.

What role does concentrated sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) play in this reaction?

Concentrated sulfuric acid acts as a catalyst in the esterification reaction, helping to accelerate the reaction between ethanol and acetic acid. It also removes water produced during the reaction, driving the reaction to completion.

Why is it necessary to use boiling chips in the reaction mixture?

Boiling chips are used to prevent bumping (violent boiling) by providing nucleation sites for bubbles to form. This ensures that the liquid heats more evenly and prevents sudden splashes of hot liquid.

What is the significance of the distillation process in this experiment?

Distillation is used to separate ethyl acetate (the ester product) from the reaction mixture. The process allows the product to vaporize at a specific temperature and then condense back into liquid form, leaving behind impurities.

Why must the temperature be kept below 77°C during distillation?

The temperature must be kept below 77°C to ensure that ethyl acetate, which has a boiling point of around 77°C, distills properly. If the temperature exceeds this, other components may evaporate or decompose, leading to impurities.

How is the separation of the two phases (organic and aqueous) carried out?

After distillation, the product is transferred to a separatory funnel where the two phases, organic (ethyl acetate) and aqueous (water and other soluble impurities), are separated. The aqueous layer is discarded, and the organic layer is retained for further purification.

Why is Na₂CO₃ used for washing the organic layer?

Na₂CO₃ (sodium carbonate) is used to wash the organic layer because it helps neutralize any remaining acidic impurities, such as sulfuric acid or acetic acid, and removes excess water, making the product purer.

What method is used to determine the density of the ethyl acetate produced?

The density of ethyl acetate is determined by using a pycnometer. The pycnometer is weighed both empty and filled with ethyl acetate. The density is then calculated by dividing the mass of the liquid by its volume.