Aliran dan tokoh ilmu Kalam ( qadariyah dan jabariyah)

Summary

This video explores two major theological schools in Islamic kalam: Qodariyah and Jabariyah. The Qodariyah emphasizes human free will and responsibility, asserting that individuals are accountable for their actions and will face corresponding rewards or punishments. It arose in response to political struggles during the reign of Muawiyah. In contrast, the Jabariyah school argues that all actions are predestined by God, and humans have no control over their deeds. This perspective emerged as a response to political oppression, reinforcing the idea of divine determinism over human agency.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Qodariyah school emphasizes human freedom and accountability in actions, with individuals responsible for their deeds on the Day of Judgment.
• 😀 The term 'Qodariyah' comes from the Arabic word 'qadar,' meaning power or ability, reflecting the belief that humans have the ability to shape their fate.
• 😀 The Qodariyah philosophy emerged partly as a reaction to political struggles, particularly in the context of the Umayyad Caliphate under Muawiyah's rule.
• 😀 Qodariyah teaches that committing a major sin does not make one a disbeliever (kafir) but a sinner (fasiq), and such individuals will not remain in hell forever.
• 😀 According to Qodariyah, humans create their own actions, and they are rewarded with heaven for good deeds and punished with hell for bad deeds.
• 😀 The Qodariyah school asserts that Allah has the ability to know, see, and hear everything, but humans are still capable of making moral decisions.
• 😀 One key teaching of Qodariyah is that human reasoning can determine what is right or wrong, without the need for divine revelation for every moral decision.
• 😀 The Qodariyah school cites Quranic verses like Surah Ar-Ra'd 11 to support their view that Allah does not change the condition of a people unless they change themselves.
• 😀 The Jabariyah school, in contrast, teaches that human actions are entirely determined by divine will, with no human autonomy or choice.
• 😀 Jabariyah, derived from the Arabic word 'jabara' meaning to compel, promotes the idea that all actions are predestined, and humans have no power to change their fate.
• 😀 The Jabariyah school emerged as a response to the political oppression of the Umayyad dynasty, where some sought to justify the inevitability of their actions under divine will.
• 😀 Key beliefs of Jabariyah include that paradise and hell are not eternal, only Allah is eternal, and the Quran teaches that humans can only act in the way Allah decrees.

Q & A

What is the meaning of the term 'Qodariyah' in Islamic theology?

Qodariyah is derived from the Arabic word 'qadar,' meaning ability or power. It refers to a theological school of thought that emphasizes human freedom in determining their actions and their accountability to Allah for these actions on the Day of Judgment.

How did the Qodariyah school of thought emerge historically?

The Qodariyah movement emerged in response to the political climate during the time of Muawiyah's rule after the death of Ali ibn Abi Talib. It was influenced by criticism of Muawiyah's actions, with proponents of Qodariyah asserting human freedom and responsibility in contrast to the idea that everything is predestined.

What is the core belief of the Qodariyah regarding human actions?

The core belief of the Qodariyah is that humans are responsible for their actions and that they will be judged by Allah for their deeds. They reject the notion that Allah predetermines human actions, asserting instead that humans have free will.

How does the Qodariyah view the concept of sin and punishment?

The Qodariyah believes that individuals who commit major sins are neither considered infidels (kafir) nor true believers (mumin), but are classified as 'fasiq' (sinful). They hold that these individuals will be punished in Hell, but they will not remain there forever.

What is the view of the Qodariyah regarding the role of Allah in human actions?

According to the Qodariyah, Allah is aware of all actions, and He has the power to know, hear, and see everything. However, humans are believed to be the creators of their own actions, not Allah.

What does the Quran say in support of the Qodariyah perspective?

The Qodariyah refer to the Quranic verse from Surah Ar-Ra'd (13:11), which states, 'Indeed, Allah does not change the condition of a people until they change what is in themselves.' This is interpreted as an affirmation of human agency in altering their circumstances through their actions.

What is the meaning of 'Jabariyah' in Islamic thought?

Jabariyah comes from the Arabic root 'jabara,' meaning to compel or force. It refers to a school of thought that believes all human actions are predetermined by Allah, and that humans have no free will or ability to choose their actions.

How did the Jabariyah school of thought originate?

The Jabariyah school arose as a response to the perceived helplessness in the face of political oppression under Muawiyah's rule. The proponents of Jabariyah argued that everything, including human actions, occurs by the will of Allah and is beyond human control.

What are the key tenets of Jabariyah regarding human free will?

Jabariyah holds that humans have no power over their actions; everything is determined by Allah’s will. They believe that humans are merely vessels through which Allah's will is carried out, and they have no choice in the matter.

What is the perspective of Jabariyah on the eternity of Paradise and Hell?

The Jabariyah view suggests that Paradise and Hell are not eternal. Only Allah is eternal, and they argue that human beings cannot influence their ultimate fate through their actions because everything is predestined by Allah.