Mengenal Zona Ekonomi Ekslusif (ZEE) & Ternyata Bukan Indonesia Yang Terluas!

Summary

This video explores the countries with the largest Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) in the world, starting with Indonesia's efforts to safeguard its waters from illegal fishing. It highlights how countries like France, the United States, Australia, and Japan possess vast maritime territories, with France holding the largest EEZ due to its overseas territories. The script also touches upon historical maritime disputes and Indonesia's key role in shaping international maritime laws through the Djuanda Declaration and the 1982 UNCLOS agreement. Viewers will learn about the importance of EEZs in protecting national resources and maintaining sovereignty over vast ocean areas.

Takeaways

• 😀 The world's country with the largest Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) is France, with a zone of 11.69 million km², largely due to its overseas territories.
• 😀 Indonesia has the third-largest coastline globally and the sixth-largest EEZ, covering 6.16 million km², with ongoing disputes in the South China Sea.
• 😀 Japan has the eighth-largest EEZ in the world, covering 4.48 million km², and it is involved in territorial disputes with its neighbors, including Russia and China.
• 😀 The EEZ is an area extending up to 200 nautical miles (370 km) from a country's coastline, where it holds exclusive rights to explore and exploit marine resources.
• 😀 In 1982, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) officially recognized the EEZ concept, benefiting coastal nations' control over marine resources.
• 😀 The Djuanda Declaration of 1957 by Indonesia extended its territorial waters to include a straight baseline, rejecting the concept of 'free seas' between its islands.
• 😀 Countries with large coastlines, like Chile (with 6,435 km of coastline), have extensive EEZs, such as Chile's EEZ of 3.66 million km².
• 😀 New Zealand's EEZ spans 4.08 million km², about 15 times the size of its landmass, not including its territories like Niue and Tokelau.
• 😀 The U.S. has the second-largest EEZ, covering around 11.35 million km², with notable areas in the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and the Pacific Ocean.
• 😀 Nations like Russia, Canada, and Australia also have vast EEZs, with Russia's EEZ being the fourth-largest at 7.57 million km² and Canada's at 5.60 million km².

Q & A

What is the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)?

The EEZ is a maritime area extending up to 200 nautical miles (370 km) from a country's coastline, where the country has the exclusive right to explore and exploit marine resources. However, it doesn't grant ownership over the water's surface, only the seabed and its resources.

How did Indonesia assert its maritime sovereignty after independence?

After Indonesia gained independence in 1945, it initially followed Dutch colonial regulations for maritime boundaries. However, it later sought to establish its own territorial claims, leading to the Djuanda Declaration in 1957, which claimed Indonesian waters as part of an archipelagic state, consolidating Indonesia's maritime sovereignty.

What was the significance of the Djuanda Declaration in 1957?

The Djuanda Declaration of 1957 was crucial in redefining Indonesia's maritime boundaries by declaring the waters between its islands as part of its territory, thereby rejecting the concept of free seas between its islands. This declaration laid the foundation for Indonesia’s maritime laws and eventually contributed to the recognition of the archipelagic state principle under international law.

How did Indonesia's maritime sovereignty change with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) in 1982?

The adoption of UNCLOS in 1982 officially recognized Indonesia's archipelagic status, as outlined in the Djuanda Declaration. This expanded Indonesia's sovereign territory by four times without the need for military conflict, solidifying its maritime claims and aligning with international law.

What is the principle of the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) in terms of international law?

Under international law, the EEZ extends 200 nautical miles from a nation's coastline. While countries have rights to exploit marine resources within this zone, they do not own the water's surface. The zone ensures that countries can manage and benefit from the seabed and its resources.

Which countries have the largest EEZs in the world?

The countries with the largest EEZs are: France (11.7 million km²), the United States (11 million km²), Australia (8.5 million km²), Russia (7.5 million km²), the United Kingdom (6.8 million km²), and Indonesia (6.2 million km²).

How does Chile's EEZ compare to other countries?

Chile has a very large EEZ due to its long coastline, reaching 3.66 million km². This makes it one of the top countries in terms of EEZ size, with significant portions of its EEZ in the surrounding Pacific Ocean.

What are the key disputes involving Indonesia's EEZ?

Indonesia faces territorial disputes in the South China Sea, particularly with China, which claims part of Indonesia's EEZ around the Natuna Islands. Indonesia rejects China's claims, asserting its own sovereignty over the area.

Why is the concept of 'territorial waters' important in the context of maritime boundaries?

Territorial waters define a nation's sovereignty over the waters up to 12 nautical miles from its coastline. Within this zone, the country has full control, similar to territorial boundaries on land. Beyond this, the EEZ allows for specific economic rights, but the water itself remains part of international waters.

What international efforts did Indonesia undertake to secure its maritime boundaries?

Indonesia engaged in multiple international legal efforts to secure recognition of its maritime boundaries, including participation in the United Nations Law of the Sea conferences from 1958 to 1982, ultimately leading to the acceptance of the archipelagic state principle under UNCLOS, which solidified Indonesia's maritime sovereignty.