Operators & Operands | Godot GDScript Tutorial | Ep 02

Summary

This script delves into the fundamentals of programming, focusing on operands, operators, and their roles in manipulating values within a program. It explains assignment operators, including various shortcuts, and discusses the significance of comparison operators for evaluating expressions. The script further explores logical operators, illustrating how 'and', 'or', and 'not' evaluate truth values, emphasizing their importance in debugging and decision-making in code.

Takeaways

• 📘 Operands in programming are numerical, text, boolean values, or object values that can be manipulated.
• 🔍 Operators are symbols used to manipulate and check operand values, including addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and remainder.
• 📌 Assignment operators assign values to variables, with the simple assignment operator being the equal sign.
• 🔄 Shortcut assignment operators combine an operation and assignment, such as 'x += y' which is equivalent to 'x = x + y'.
• ⭕ The remainder assignment operator provides the remainder of division, which can be useful for specific applications.
• 🔎 Comparison operators compare operands and return a boolean value based on the comparison, such as '==' for equality and '!=' for inequality.
• ⏏️ Logical operators in GDScript include AND (&&), OR (||), and NOT (!), used to evaluate boolean expressions.
• 🔒 The AND operator returns false if any operand can be converted to false, stopping evaluation from left to right.
• 🚀 The OR operator returns true if any operand can be converted to true, also stopping evaluation from left to right.
• 🔄 The NOT operator inverts the truth value of a single operand, returning true if the operand is false and vice versa.
• 🧠 Understanding the conversion of values to boolean and the order of evaluation by logical operators is crucial for effective debugging and code logic.

Q & A

What are operands in the context of programming?

Operands are numerical values, text, and boolean values that a program can manipulate.

What is the role of operators in programming?

Operators are symbols used to manipulate and check operand values, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

What is the purpose of assignment operators in programming?

Assignment operators assign the value of the right operand to the left operand, with the simple assignment operator being the equal sign.

Can you provide an example of an assignment operator in GDScript?

An example is 'x += y', which is a shorthand for 'x = x + y', and assigns the sum of x and y to x.

What is the function of the remainder assignment operator?

The remainder assignment operator gives the remainder of the division of the right operand by the left operand.

How does a comparison operator work in programming?

A comparison operator compares its operands and returns a boolean value based on whether the comparison is true.

What is the difference between the equal and not equal operators?

The equal operator checks if two operands are the same, while the not equal operator checks if they are different.

What does the greater than operator symbolize in a comparison?

The greater than operator symbolizes that the left operand is larger than the right operand.

How does the logical AND operator determine its result?

The logical AND operator returns true only if all operands can be converted to true; if any can be converted to false, it returns false.

How does the logical OR operator differ from the AND operator?

The logical OR operator returns true if at least one operand can be converted to true, whereas the AND operator requires all operands to be true.

What is the purpose of the NOT operator in logical expressions?

The NOT operator is used to invert the truth value of a single operand, returning true if the operand can be converted to false, and vice versa.

Can you explain the concept of truthy and falsy values in programming?

Truthy values are values that are considered true in a boolean context, like non-zero numbers or non-empty strings. Falsy values are those considered false, such as 0, false, or empty strings.

Outlines

00:00

📘 Understanding Operands and Operators

This paragraph introduces the fundamental concepts of operands and operators in programming. Operands are numerical values, text, boolean values, or object values that a program can manipulate. The example given includes the operands 1, 2, x, and y, with operators like addition and subtraction signs. The explanation also covers assignment operators, such as the equal sign for simple assignment, and other assignment operators like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and remainder assignment. The purpose of each operator is detailed, providing clarity on their use in programming.

05:01

🔍 Exploring Comparison and Logical Operators

The second paragraph delves into comparison and logical operators. It explains how comparison operators work to compare operands and return a boolean value based on the comparison's outcome. The paragraph covers operators for equality, inequality, greater than, less than, and greater than or equal to. Logical operators are also introduced, including AND (denoted by '&&' or 'and'), OR (denoted by '||' or 'or'), and NOT (denoted by '!' or 'not'). The behavior of these operators is illustrated with examples, showing how they evaluate truth values and affect the flow of a program.

10:03

🤖 Logical Operators in Depth

This paragraph provides a deeper understanding of logical operators, focusing on their operational precedence and behavior. It explains the logical AND operator's requirement for all operands to be true to return true, and the logical OR operator's ability to return true if any operand is true. The NOT operator is also discussed, which inverts the truth value of a single operand. The paragraph uses examples to illustrate how these operators can affect the evaluation of expressions in programming, emphasizing their importance in decision-making processes within code.

Keywords

💡Operands

Operands are the numerical values, text, and boolean values that a program can manipulate. In the context of the video, operands are the building blocks for expressions and are essential for performing operations. For example, the script mentions 'upper ends are 1 & 2 along with the variables x and y', illustrating how operands can be both literal numbers and variables.

💡Operators

Operators are symbols used to manipulate and check operand values. They are crucial for performing operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. The script explains various operators, including the addition sign and subtraction sign, which are used to perform arithmetic operations on operands.

💡Assignment Operators

Assignment operators are used to assign a value to a variable based on the value of another operand. The simple assignment operator, denoted by the equal sign (=), is highlighted in the script, where it assigns the value of one operand to another, such as 'X = Y', which assigns the value of Y to X.

💡Addition Assignment Operator

The addition assignment operator (+=) is a shorthand for adding the right operand to the left operand and assigning the result to the left operand. The script provides the example 'x += y', which is equivalent to 'x = x + y', demonstrating how this operator simplifies the process of updating a variable's value.

💡Comparison Operators

Comparison operators compare two operands and return a boolean value based on whether the comparison is true or false. The script discusses several comparison operators, such as the equal operator (==) and the not equal operator (!=), which are used to check if two operands are equal or not equal, respectively.

💡Logical Operators

Logical operators are used to combine multiple conditions and return a boolean value based on those conditions. The script introduces three logical operators: AND (&&), OR (||), and NOT (!), which are essential for constructing complex conditional statements in programming.

💡AND Operator

The AND operator returns true only if all operands are true. It is represented by '&&' in the script and is used to check multiple conditions simultaneously. For example, 'x && y' will only return true if both x and y are true.

💡OR Operator

The OR operator returns true if at least one operand is true. It is denoted by '||' in the script and is used to check if any of the conditions are met. For instance, 'x || y' will return true if either x or y, or both, are true.

💡NOT Operator

The NOT operator is used to invert the truth value of a single operand. It is represented by '!' in the script and returns true if the operand is false and vice versa. For example, '!x' will return true if x is false, and false if x is true.

💡Remainder Assignment Operator

The remainder assignment operator is a special case operator that assigns the remainder of a division operation to a variable. It is not commonly used but is mentioned in the script as a way to get the remainder of a division, such as 'x %= y', which sets x to the remainder of x divided by y.

💡Greater Than and Less Than Operators

These operators are used to compare the values of two operands to determine if one is greater or less than the other. The script explains the greater than (>) and less than (<) operators, as well as their 'or equal to' counterparts (>= and <=), which are essential for making decisions based on the relative sizes of operands.

Highlights

Operands in programming are numerical, text, and boolean values that can be manipulated.

Operators are symbols used to manipulate and check operand values, such as addition and subtraction signs.

Assignment operators assign values to variables based on the value of another operand.

The simple assignment operator is the equal sign, used to assign the value of the right operand to the left operand.

Additional assignment operators include subtraction, multiplication, division, and remainder assignment.

Shortcut versions of assignment operators, such as 'x += y', are equivalent to 'x = x + y'.

The remainder assignment operator provides the remainder of a division operation.

Comparison operators compare operands and return a boolean value based on the comparison.

The equal operator checks if two operands are equal, while the not equal operator checks for inequality.

The greater than and less than operators are used to compare the values of operands.

The greater than or equal to and less than or equal to operators check for value equality and order.

Logical operators include AND, OR, and NOT, used to combine and evaluate boolean expressions.

The AND operator returns false if any operand can be converted to false, starting from the left.

The OR operator returns true if any operand can be converted to true, starting from the left.

The NOT operator inverts the truth value of a single operand, returning true if the operand is false.

Understanding logical operators helps in debugging code by knowing which values are checked first and second.

Logical values can be thought of as being converted to true or false, with the NOT operator returning the opposite.

Transcripts

so what exactly are upper ends upper

ends are numerical texts and boolean

values that a program can manipulate

operands can also be object values in

this case the upper ends are 1 & 2 along

with the variables x and y now operators

are symbols used to manipulate and check

operand values in this case our

operators would be the addition sign and

the subtraction sign

other common signs such as the

multiplication and division symbols are

also operators let's take a look at

assignment operators assignment

operators a sign of value to its left

operand based on the value of its right

operand the simple assignment operator

is the equal sign which assigns the

value of its right operand to its left

operand in this case we are signing the

variable X with the value that is stored

in the variable Y here are some other

assignment operators you'll be using in

Gd script you have the additional

subtraction multiplication division and

remainder assignment you can write these

out by saying that the value or rather

the upper end on the left will be

assigned the values of x plus y you can

also use the shortcut version x plus

equals Y which is the same as writing

out X is equal to X plus y on the left

side you'll notice the written out

version and on the right side you'll

notice the shortcut version these are

fairly straightforward assignment

operators that do exactly what you see

addition adds subtraction subtracts

multiplication multiplies division

divides and remainder the remainder

assignment operator is a special case

operator in which it gives you the value

or rather the remainder of the division

so if you want the result of the

division you use the division

operator however if you want the

remainder of what you / then you use the

remainder assignment operator you'll

most likely never use this unless you're

doing something special with it but just

keep in mind if you want an easy way to

get the remainder of your division this

is the operator you will use let's take

a look at the comparison operators a

comparison operator compares its

operands and returns a logical value

based on whether the comparison is true

in this case the logical value will be a

boolean value now to see if two operands

are equal use the equal operator the

equal operator if you end up using one

equal sign what you're doing is you're

assigning the right operand to the left

so just keep that in mind to see if two

upper ends are not equal use the not

equal operator in this case the not

equal operator is an exclamation point

followed by an equal sign and what you

are trying to convey is if X does not

equal to the value on the right in this

case one now if X is equal to one and

you follow this operator what you will

be returned is the value false

now if the value of x is any other value

than the number one then this operator

will return the logical value true

moving on to see if the left operand is

greater than the right operand

used the greater than operator pointing

to the right in this case you want to

see if the left operand X is greater

than the right upper end number one if X

were two then this will return true now

if X is equal to one or any other number

that is less than one this operator will

return false moving on to see if the

right operand is greater than the left

operand use the greater than operator

pointing to the left in this case the

greater than operator for the right

operand will be using the left arrow

symbol and what you are trying to convey

is if the rate operand 1 is greater than

the left upper end X if X is 0 then this

operator will return back true because 1

will be greater than 0

however if X is 1 or any number greater

than 1 then this operator will return

false moving on to see if the left upper

end is greater than or equal to the

right operand use the greater than or

equal to operator pointing to the right

the greater than or equal to operator

will be the right arrow symbol followed

by an equal sign what you're trying to

say is if X is greater than or equal to

1

if X is 1 or any number greater than 1

this operator will return true however

if X is any number less than 1 then this

operator will return false to see if the

right operand is greater than or equal

to the left upper end use the greater

than or equal to operator pointing to

the left in this case we're using the

left arrow symbol followed by an equal

sign what we're trying to say with this

is if 1 the upper end on the right is

greater than or equal to the left upper

end in this case if X is 1 or any number

below 1 then this operator will return

true however if X is any number bigger

than 1 then this operator will return

false let's move on to the logical

operators ngd script there are three

logical operators the n symbol the or

symbol and the not symbol let's take a

look at the end symbol first the logical

and operator is denoted by the 2m purse

and symbols or the word and in Gd script

it will return false as long as any of

the upper ends can be converted to false

starting from the leftmost upper end

let's go ahead and take a look at how

the logical operator upper

so we have a variable X which is equal

to true and the logical operator and so

we are checking to see that x + 1 can be

converted to true now the logical

operand will first check to see if the

left operand can be converted to false

if it can the value false will be

returned otherwise it will check to see

if the second upper end can be converted

to false if the second upper end can be

converted to false it will return false

otherwise it will return true so let's

take a look at how this works

since variable X is equal to true our

logical and operator will first check

the left operand in this case the

variable X X can be converted to true or

rather X is true

so therefore the logical operator moves

on to the right operand in this case 1

now one can be converted to true and

because X and 1 are true our logical

operator returns back true let's go

ahead and see what will happen to the

logical operator if our variable X is

now false

now with X being false our logical

operator will first check the left

operand and check if it can be converted

to false since X is false the logical

operator won't even bother checking the

right operand it will just return false

it's good to know how the logical

operand operates in your programming it

makes it easier to debug your code when

you know which values the logical upper

end is checking first and then second

let's move on to the logical operator or

the logical or operator is denoted by

two vertical bars or the word or it will

return true as long as any of the

operands can be converted to true

starting from the leftmost

operand the difference between the or

and the end operator is that the or

operator is checking to see if an upper

end can be converted to true before

stopping its operation whereas the and

operator is checking to see if a upper

end can be converted to false before

stopping its operations let's go ahead

and

the logical or operator in action now on

the first line we have declared that a

variable X will equal to false the

logical or operator now the logical or

operator will first check the left upper

end and see if it can be converted to

true now because X is equal to false the

logical or operator will then move on to

the next upper end on the right in this

case 1 now one can be converted to true

and because one can be converted to true

what our logical operator or will do is

return true now let's go ahead and see

what the order of operations would look

like with this or operator if our

variable X were to be true instead of

false now because our X is now true the

logical or operator will first check to

see if X can be converted to true now

because X can be converted to true what

our logical or operator does is it stops

all operations and returns true because

our logical or operator is just checking

to see if one value can be converted to

true now I'd like to reiterate that the

difference between the logical or

operator and the logical and operator is

that the logical or operator is checking

to see all operands and stops its

operations once it can convert a single

operand to true and it returns true if

it does find an upper end that can be

converted to true whereas the end

operator is trying to see and convert

all operands to false because if it can

find a single operand that can be

converted to false it will stop all

operations and return false moving on to

the last operator the last logical

operator is the nut operator it is

denoted by the exclamation mark symbol

or the word not it can be used to check

a single upper end and it will return

false if its operand can be converted to

true otherwise it will return true a

little confusing but let's go ahead and

take a look at this example here

we have a variable X which is equal to

false we use the not operator in this

case not X and in this case since the

upper end X cannot be converted to true

it will return true in this case because

X is false and because folks cannot be

converted to true our not operator will

return true let's go ahead and take a

look at what our upper end returns if

our variable X were to have the value

true in this case since the value of

true is converted to true in this non

statement what we return is false an

easy way to think about it is if

whatever your value can be converted to

in a logical value whether your value

can be converted to true or false just

return the opposite the more you

understand values and what they can be

converted to the easier time you will

have with this logical operator not an

easy way to think about this is if you

have the 0 false or no your value in the

not operator will always be true and

everything else will be false