DEMOKRASI INDONESIA | BENTUK DAN PERKEMBANGANNYA

Summary

This educational video explores the application and evolution of democracy in Indonesia, focusing on its unique form known as Pancasila democracy. It traces the country's democratic journey from its parliamentary beginnings to the guided democracy era, leading up to the Reformasi period post-1998. Highlighting key phases and characteristics, the video emphasizes the importance of civil society in fostering democratic values and the role of direct elections, political parties, and human rights in the current democratic landscape.

Takeaways

• 🏛️ Indonesia practices a form of democracy known as Pancasila Democracy, which is based on the principles of belief in one supreme God, humanity that is just and civilized, the unity of Indonesia, democracy guided by wisdom in deliberation and representation, and social justice for all Indonesian people.
• 🗳️ Democracy in Indonesia is implemented both directly and indirectly. Direct democracy is exemplified by the direct election of the President, Vice President, regional heads, and village heads by the people, while indirect democracy involves representative bodies that convey the aspirations and mandates of the people in governance.
• 🌐 The development of democracy in Indonesia has gone through various phases, including the parliamentary democracy period at the beginning of independence, the guided democracy or 'Old Order', and the New Order under President Soeharto, which was characterized by authoritarian rule and limited political freedoms.
• 📜 The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, which includes Pancasila as the philosophical foundation of the state, has been a consistent element throughout the evolution of Indonesia's democratic system.
• 🔄 The parliamentary democracy phase was marked by a strong multiparty system, legislative power over the executive, and a symbolic role for the President, which led to complex issues such as inter-party tensions and hindered development.
• 🛑 President Soekarno's issuance of a presidential decree in 1959 ended the parliamentary democracy and initiated the guided democracy phase, which centralized power and limited political and press freedoms.
• 🛠️ The New Order under Soeharto was characterized by a lack of executive power rotation, closed political recruitment, controlled elections, and repressive governance, leading to corruption, collusion, and nepotism.
• 🔍 The Reform Era, starting from 1998, saw the enhancement and improvement of Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution, with a focus on rectifying undemocratic regulations and maximizing the functions and responsibilities of institutions.
• 📊 Direct general elections, the development of political parties, expanded freedom of expression, and a clearer assertion of human rights are hallmarks of the democracy in the Reform Era.
• 🤝 The role of Civil Society in fostering a culture of tolerance, teaching democratic values, and respecting differences is crucial for the success of democracy in Indonesia.
• 👥 The highest power lies with the people, emphasizing the collective responsibility to uphold and protect democracy in the country.

Q & A

What is the definition of democracy according to Abraham Lincoln?

According to Abraham Lincoln, democracy is a government of the people, by the people, and for the people, emphasizing that power is held by the people and the government is responsible to them.

What is the form of democracy practiced in Indonesia known as?

The form of democracy practiced in Indonesia is known as Pancasila Democracy, which is based on the principles of the Pancasila, Indonesia's philosophical foundation.

What are the core principles of Pancasila Democracy?

Pancasila Democracy is based on the principles of belief in one supreme God, a just and civilized humanity, Indonesian unity, consultative democracy, and social justice for all Indonesian people.

How is democracy implemented in Indonesia, either directly or indirectly?

Democracy in Indonesia is implemented both directly and indirectly. Direct democracy is exemplified by direct elections for the President, Vice President, regional heads, and village heads. Indirect democracy involves representative institutions like the People's Representative Council (DPR), Regional Representative Council (DPD), and Regional People's Representative Councils (DPRD).

What were the characteristics of the parliamentary democracy phase in Indonesia after independence?

The parliamentary democracy phase was characterized by a strong multi-party system, legislative power over the executive, the President being a symbolic figure, and the government being led by a Prime Minister. Decision-making was based on majority votes.

What significant event marked the end of the parliamentary democracy in Indonesia?

The end of parliamentary democracy in Indonesia was marked by the issuance of Presidential Decree on July 5, 1959, by President Soekarno.

What are the key features of the Guided Democracy or Orde Lama period?

Guided Democracy featured the existence of representative institutions, the President as the head of government and state, unlimited presidential power, the formation of the National Communist Movement (Nasakom), simplification of parties, and the role of ABRI in politics. It also included restrictions on freedom of the press and political orientation towards communist countries.

What political event in 1965 had a significant impact on Indonesia's political landscape?

The 30S PKI event, which led to the downfall of high-ranking military officers, had a significant impact on Indonesia's political landscape, causing various reactions from different social groups.

What is the term used for the period of Soeharto's presidency and its characteristics?

The term used for Soeharto's presidency is 'New Order' or 'Orde Baru', characterized by a lack of executive power rotation, closed political recruitment, controlled elections, repressive governance, and the concentration of power in the hands of the President, leading to corruption, collusion, and nepotism.

What major event led to the end of the New Order and the beginning of the Reformasi era?

The mass protests in 1998 demanding President Soeharto's resignation and calls for reforms in various fields led to the end of the New Order and the beginning of the Reformasi era.

How has democracy evolved in Indonesia during the Reformasi era until now?

During the Reformasi era, Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia have been further perfected and implemented, with improvements to undemocratic regulations. The roles of various institutions have been maximized, and the direct election of political parties has been held, with the expansion of freedom of expression and the clearer assertion of human rights.

What role does civil society play in the current Indonesian democracy?

Civil society plays a crucial role in creating a culture of tolerance, teaching democratic values, and respecting differences, which is essential for the success of democracy.