VARIABEL PENELITIAN

Summary

In this video, Khodijah Makarim explains the concept of research variables, also known as 'peubah' in Indonesian, which are the elements studied in research and have varying values. She covers key aspects, such as the distinction between independent (free) and dependent (bound) variables, and the importance of understanding their relationship in research. Khodijah also provides practical examples of cause-and-effect relationships, such as smoking affecting lung health or motivation influencing academic performance. She discusses how to structure research titles, the number of variables in research for different levels (S1, S2, S3), and emphasizes the importance of theoretical support when formulating research problems.

Takeaways

• 😀 Variables in research are traits or attributes that will be studied, and they must vary in value.
• 😀 There are two main types of variables: independent (cause) and dependent (effect) variables.
• 😀 Independent variables are factors that cause or influence changes, while dependent variables are the effects or outcomes.
• 😀 When formulating a research title, ensure there is a clear relationship between the independent and dependent variables.
• 😀 For undergraduate research (S1), one independent variable and one dependent variable are typically studied.
• 😀 For postgraduate research (S2), two or three independent variables and one or two dependent variables are often examined.
• 😀 For doctoral research (S3), there may be more than three independent variables, with multiple dependent variables studied.
• 😀 It's important to break down variables into subcategories when necessary, like breaking 'self-perception' into physical, self-esteem, and social perception.
• 😀 A hypothesis is created based on the assumption that one variable affects another, forming the foundation for the research study.
• 😀 When creating a research title, start with understanding the theory behind the topic and the relationship between variables before finalizing the title.
• 😀 Before beginning research, carefully study the problem and variables to ensure they align with theoretical frameworks to guide the study.

Q & A

What is the difference between 'variabel' and 'peubah' in research?

'Variabel' and 'peubah' are terms used interchangeably in research, depending on the institution. Both refer to the concept of variables or factors that are investigated and that can take on varying values.

What are the two main types of variables in research?

The two main types of variables in research are independent variables (variabel bebas) and dependent variables (variabel terikat). The independent variable is the cause, while the dependent variable is the effect.

Can a research study focus on only one variable?

No, a study should ideally explore the relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable. A single variable on its own isn't sufficient for meaningful research.

What is an example of a cause-and-effect relationship in research?

An example is the relationship between smoking (independent variable) and lung health (dependent variable). The research explores whether smoking negatively affects lung health.

What should researchers consider when formulating a research title?

When creating a research title, researchers should clearly define the independent and dependent variables and ensure there is a cause-and-effect relationship between them. The title should reflect the connection between these variables.

How many variables are typically studied in undergraduate (S1) research?

In undergraduate (S1) research, it is common to study one independent variable and one dependent variable.

How does the number of variables change for graduate (S2) research?

For graduate (S2) research, there are typically 2 to 3 independent variables, with one or two dependent variables.

What is an example of a more complex research design, such as for doctoral (S3) research?

In doctoral (S3) research, the study might involve 3 to 7 independent variables and 1 to 2 dependent variables. These variables may interact in more complex ways, as seen in models where one independent variable influences others.

What is the importance of theory when formulating a research title?

The theory is crucial because it provides a foundation for understanding the variables and their relationships. Researchers should base their titles on theoretical frameworks to ensure that the study is grounded in existing knowledge.

How can a variable like 'self-perception' be broken down for research purposes?

Self-perception can be divided into sub-categories, such as physical perception, self-esteem, and social perception. These sub-categories can then be studied in relation to other variables, such as interpersonal communication skills.