Estações do Ano: Solstícios e Equinócios | OBA 2021 - Aula 05

Summary

In this video, Bismarck Mesquita explains the Earth's seasons and their causes, focusing on the tilt of the Earth's axis and its orbit around the sun. He describes the different positions of the Earth in relation to the sun, resulting in the four seasons: spring, summer, autumn, and winter. Key events such as equinoxes and solstices are discussed, and their significance in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres is highlighted. The video also encourages viewers to practice with related exercises and emphasizes the importance of understanding the Earth's movement and solar position for success in exams.

Takeaways

• 😀 The video is hosted by Bismarck Mesquita, focusing on teaching about the four seasons of the year.
• 😀 The topic of Earth's axial tilt and its relation to the Earth's orbit around the sun is crucial in understanding the seasons.
• 😀 The Earth's axial tilt causes different hemispheres to be closer to the sun at different times, creating seasons.
• 😀 The two main events in the Earth's orbit, equinoxes and solstices, determine the start of each season.
• 😀 The equinoxes occur when the sun is directly above the Equator, resulting in equal day and night lengths.
• 😀 The solstices happen when the sun reaches its highest or lowest angular distance from the Equator, marking the extremes of daylight.
• 😀 March equinox marks the start of autumn in the Southern Hemisphere and spring in the Northern Hemisphere.
• 😀 June solstice is the beginning of winter in the Southern Hemisphere and summer in the Northern Hemisphere.
• 😀 September equinox marks the start of spring in the Southern Hemisphere and autumn in the Northern Hemisphere.
• 😀 December solstice is the start of summer in the Southern Hemisphere and winter in the Northern Hemisphere.

Q & A

What causes the seasons of the year?

The seasons are caused by the tilt of the Earth's rotation axis in relation to its orbital plane around the Sun. This tilt leads to different parts of the Earth receiving varying amounts of sunlight throughout the year.

How does the Earth's axial tilt affect the Sun's position?

The axial tilt results in different hemispheres being more or less oriented towards the Sun at different times of the year, leading to variations in sunlight intensity and duration, thus creating the seasons.

What are the two key dates associated with equinoxes?

The two key dates for equinoxes are around March 21st and September 23rd, when the Sun is directly over the Equator, and day and night are of equal length.

What happens during a solstice?

During a solstice, the Sun reaches its maximum or minimum angular distance from the Equator. This occurs twice a year: the summer solstice (around June 21st) and the winter solstice (around December 21st).

What is the difference between a solstice and an equinox?

A solstice occurs when the Sun reaches its furthest distance from the Equator, resulting in the longest or shortest day of the year, depending on the hemisphere. An equinox occurs when the Sun is directly over the Equator, resulting in equal day and night lengths.

What is the significance of the Sun's position during the March equinox?

During the March equinox, the Sun shines directly over the Equator, causing equal day and night lengths across the Earth. It marks the start of spring in the Northern Hemisphere and autumn in the Southern Hemisphere.

How does the position of the Sun change during the year?

The position of the Sun shifts throughout the year due to Earth's axial tilt. It moves from being directly over the Equator during the equinoxes to being over the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn during the solstices.

What is the general pattern of the seasons in the Southern Hemisphere?

In the Southern Hemisphere, the seasons occur in the following order: autumn (around March 21st), winter (around June 22nd), spring (around September 23rd), and summer (around December 21st).

Why do people often confuse the cause of the seasons?

Many people mistakenly believe the seasons are caused by the distance between the Earth and the Sun, but in reality, the Earth's axial tilt is the primary factor that causes the seasonal changes.

How does the Sun's path differ during the solstices and equinoxes?

During equinoxes, the Sun rises exactly in the east and sets exactly in the west. During solstices, the Sun's path is shifted, either rising more to the north or south, depending on whether it's the summer or winter solstice.