CARA MUDAH MEMAHAMI REKONSILIASI FISKAL

Summary

This video explains the process of fiscal reconciliation in accounting, focusing on the differences between commercial and fiscal financial statements. It covers why fiscal reconciliation is necessary, the causes of discrepancies between these two types of financial reports, and how to make the necessary adjustments. The video also delves into the concepts of positive and negative corrections and provides insights into fiscal accounting principles such as income, expenses, and tax calculations. Viewers will gain a clear understanding of the fiscal reconciliation process and how to apply it to ensure accurate tax reporting.

Takeaways

• 😀 Fiscal reconciliation ensures that commercial financial reports comply with tax regulations.
• 😀 Commercial financial statements are prepared according to accounting standards (PSAK), while fiscal financial statements align with tax laws.
• 😀 There are two main causes of differences between commercial and fiscal financial statements: permanent differences and temporary differences.
• 😀 Permanent differences include items like tax penalties or donations that are recognized in commercial accounting but not in fiscal accounting.
• 😀 Temporary differences arise due to timing differences in recognizing income and expenses, such as depreciation or uncollectible debts.
• 😀 In commercial accounting, revenue and income are treated differently, but in fiscal accounting, both are considered the same.
• 😀 Commercial accounting distinguishes between expenses and costs, while fiscal accounting treats them all as 'biaya' (costs).
• 😀 Expenses in fiscal accounting are divided into deductible and non-deductible categories, with deductible expenses reducing taxable income.
• 😀 Methods for fiscal reconciliation include adjusting for income and expenses recognized differently in commercial and fiscal accounting.
• 😀 The methods of calculating inventory and depreciation differ between commercial and fiscal accounting, requiring adjustments during reconciliation.
• 😀 Fiscal reconciliation helps businesses determine the correct amount of tax payable by adjusting the commercial profit to reflect fiscal regulations.

Q & A

What is fiscal reconciliation and why is it important?

Fiscal reconciliation is the process of adjusting financial statements to comply with tax regulations. It is important because the commercial financial statements of a company may not align with the tax rules, and reconciliation ensures that the tax obligations are correctly calculated according to the applicable fiscal laws.

What are the main differences between commercial and fiscal financial statements?

Commercial financial statements are prepared based on accounting standards (PSAK), whereas fiscal financial statements are adjusted to comply with tax laws. The key differences arise due to the recognition of income and expenses that are treated differently under commercial and fiscal accounting.

What causes the differences between commercial and fiscal financial reports?

The differences are caused by two main factors: permanent differences, such as fines or donations that are recognized in commercial accounts but not for tax purposes; and temporary differences, like depreciation, where income or expenses are recognized at different times in commercial and fiscal accounting.

What are positive and negative adjustments in fiscal reconciliation?

Positive adjustments increase the taxable income, meaning the company's tax liability increases. Negative adjustments decrease taxable income, lowering the tax liability.

What is the difference between 'income' and 'revenue' in commercial accounting?

In commercial accounting, 'revenue' refers to cash inflows during a period from the company's activities, such as sales or collections, while 'income' is broader and refers to the overall economic benefit a company gains, including revenue and other types of gains.

How does fiscal accounting treat income differently from commercial accounting?

In fiscal accounting, income is viewed as any economic benefit that increases the taxpayer's wealth, and it includes income from both domestic and foreign sources. The fiscal system also classifies income into taxable income, non-taxable income, and final income subject to specific tax rates.

What are examples of income that are not subject to taxation under fiscal accounting?

Examples include government grants, inheritances, and scholarships, which are considered non-taxable income in fiscal accounting.

What is the difference between 'expense' and 'cost' in commercial accounting?

In commercial accounting, 'expense' refers to costs incurred during the period that reduce equity, such as salaries or marketing expenses. 'Cost' refers specifically to the costs of producing goods or services. However, fiscal accounting treats both expense and cost as the same and defines them as any necessary expenditures to generate income.

What are deductible and non-deductible expenses in fiscal accounting?

Deductible expenses are those that can reduce taxable income, such as salaries, depreciation, or marketing costs. Non-deductible expenses cannot be used to reduce taxable income and include gifts or personal expenses.

How does the tax treatment of inventory differ between commercial and fiscal accounting?

In commercial accounting, companies may use methods like FIFO or average cost for inventory valuation, but fiscal accounting only recognizes FIFO and average methods for tax purposes. Other methods, like LIFO, are not allowed under fiscal accounting.

What are the recognized methods for asset depreciation in fiscal accounting?

Fiscal accounting recognizes only the straight-line and declining balance methods for asset depreciation. Other methods commonly used in commercial accounting, like sum-of-the-years' digits or units of production, are not permitted for tax purposes.

What is the role of fiscal reconciliation in calculating the tax liability?

Fiscal reconciliation adjusts a company's commercial financial statements to align with tax rules, ensuring that the correct taxable income is reported. This adjustment is crucial for accurately calculating the income tax liability of a business.