Kehidupan Sosial Budaya Pada Masa Orde Baru

Summary

The transcript discusses the social, cultural, and governmental aspects of Indonesia's New Order era under President Suharto. It highlights the government's achievements in stabilizing politics, boosting the economy, and improving welfare through programs like transmigration, family planning (KB), and health initiatives. Despite some discriminatory policies against the Chinese community, post-New Order saw increased Chinese participation in various professional sectors. The transcript also covers the education reforms, including the school development concept, which aligned education with national needs. Overall, it paints a picture of significant social change and government-driven improvements during this period.

Takeaways

• 😀 The New Order government successfully achieved political stability and economic growth, creating a safe environment for the Indonesian people.
• 😀 Key welfare programs during the New Order included Transmigration, Family Planning (KB), and Puskesmas (public health centers), which helped reduce poverty and improve health.
• 😀 Transmigration aimed to redistribute the population from densely populated areas to less populated regions like Sumatera, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua.
• 😀 The Family Planning (KB) program significantly reduced Indonesia's population growth rate from 2.6% in 1967 to 1.6% in 1996.
• 😀 Puskesmas and Posyandu provided comprehensive health services, including treatment, prevention, and maternal and child health services.
• 😀 Discriminatory policies, such as the forced name change for ethnic Chinese people and the prohibition of the Chinese language, were implemented during the New Order.
• 😀 After the New Order era, ethnic Chinese people became highly involved in education and healthcare, establishing schools and hospitals with a focus on social welfare.
• 😀 Cultural development during the New Order emphasized national unity through art education, the preservation of historical heritage, and the expansion of museums and archaeological sites.
• 😀 The concept of 'School of Development' was introduced to align education with national development needs, offering practical career paths for students.
• 😀 Several educational programs, such as the Primary Education Instruction (Inpres) and Mandatory Education Program (1984), helped increase access to education across Indonesia.

Q & A

What were the key achievements of the New Order government in terms of political stability?

The New Order government succeeded in achieving political stability, which created a secure environment for Indonesian society. This stability was crucial for economic growth and welfare improvement.

How did the New Order government improve the welfare of the Indonesian people?

The government implemented several welfare programs such as Transmigration, Family Planning (KB), and health initiatives like Puskesmas and Posyandu. These efforts contributed to a reduction in poverty, lower infant mortality rates, and increased participation in basic education.

What was the Transmigration program, and how did it impact Indonesia?

The Transmigration program was designed to move people from densely populated areas to less populated regions like Sumatera, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua. This initiative provided settlers with land, capital, and training for agricultural ventures, helping reduce population pressure in urban areas.

What was the goal of the Family Planning (KB) program, and what impact did it have?

The Family Planning (KB) program aimed to control Indonesia's population growth. As a result, the country's growth rate dropped significantly from 2.6% in 1967 to 1.6% in 1996, contributing to improvements in the quality of life.

What services were offered by Puskesmas and Posyandu during the New Order era?

Puskesmas provided comprehensive healthcare services, including curative, preventive, promotive, and rehabilitative care. Posyandu focused on maternal and child health services, offering health checks, vaccinations, nutrition support, and family planning services.

What were the discriminatory policies implemented by the New Order government?

The New Order government implemented policies that required ethnic Chinese Indonesians to change their Chinese-sounding names to more Indonesian-sounding names and banned the use of the Chinese language. These policies aimed to promote assimilation but led to social tensions.

How did ethnic Chinese Indonesians contribute to society after the New Order?

After the New Order, ethnic Chinese Indonesians became more active in social fields like education and healthcare. Many established schools and hospitals to provide services to the public, regardless of economic status, contributing to social welfare.

What were the main objectives of cultural and educational policies during the New Order?

The main objectives were to strengthen national unity and preserve cultural heritage. The government supported the development of the arts, cultural preservation, and educational reforms, including introducing the 'Sekolah Pembangunan' (Development School).

What was the 'Sekolah Pembangunan' (Development School) program, and what did it aim to achieve?

The 'Sekolah Pembangunan' program introduced students to various fields of work, particularly those essential for national development. The aim was to broaden their learning experience beyond theoretical education, giving them exposure to practical work opportunities.

What were some of the key educational programs introduced during the New Order period?

The key educational programs included the Inpres (Presidential Instruction) for primary education, the literacy campaign starting in 1978, the compulsory education program launched in 1984, and the 'Gerakan Orang Tua Asuh' (Parent Sponsorship Movement), which encouraged community involvement in education.