Film Pendek Supersemar 1966 - XII MIPA 4

Muhamad Taufiq Hidayat

17 Mar 202315:01

Summary

TLDRThe transcript recounts pivotal moments during Indonesia's political crisis in 1966. It highlights President Sukarno's attempt to unify nationalist and religious forces, his reluctance to dissolve the Communist Party (PKI), and the chaotic situation that followed. Military figures discuss strategies to ensure national security as demonstrators surround the presidential palace. Ultimately, President Sukarno signs the '11 March Order' (Supersemar), empowering General Suharto to restore order, leading to the dissolution of the PKI. This marked a significant turning point in Indonesian history, transitioning the nation into a new political era under Suharto's leadership.

Takeaways

📜 The speaker expresses the desire to unite nationalism and religion into a single powerful force to complete the socialist revolution.
⛔️ The speaker refuses to dissolve the PKI (Communist Party of Indonesia), as it would make NASAKOM (nationalism, religion, communism) incomplete.
⚠️ A pivotal moment occurs on March 11, 1966, with mass demonstrations and military action affecting the capital and surrounding the presidential palace.
🛑 President Soekarno feels betrayed by the military, especially as they appear to side with the demonstrators, trying to overthrow his government.
👤 There is a sense of urgency as General Soeharto is suggested as a key figure to restore order amidst the chaos.
✍️ Soekarno reluctantly agrees to issue a letter of command, known as the 'Surat Perintah,' granting General Soeharto authority to handle the situation.
💥 The demonstrations continue, with Soekarno questioning the Army's role in maintaining security, and the ongoing unrest in Jakarta.
🔑 The letter, later known as 'Supersemar' (Surat Perintah Sebelas Maret), marks a significant shift in power, leading to General Soeharto's control.
🚫 General Soeharto uses the letter's power to dissolve the PKI, aligning with popular demands and solidifying his authority.
📅 The political climate between January and March 1966 is one of intense turmoil, marking a critical period in Indonesia's history that leads to the rise of General Soeharto.

Q & A

What is the primary goal expressed at the beginning of the transcript?
-The speaker expresses a desire to unite nationalism and religion into one strong force to complete a revolution that aims toward a socialist society.
Why does the speaker oppose dissolving the PKI (Indonesian Communist Party)?
-The speaker opposes dissolving the PKI because it would make NASAKOM (a concept of national unity including nationalism, religion, and communism) incomplete, and the speaker does not want to sacrifice his long-held beliefs.
What event is mentioned as a significant turning point on March 11, 1966?
-The event mentioned is the mass protests in the streets of Jakarta, which surrounded the presidential palace and disrupted the first cabinet meeting.
What assurance is given about the safety of holding the cabinet meeting?
-One of the individuals in the transcript assures that the situation is safe enough to proceed with the cabinet meeting.
What actions are described as taken by the 'Great Leader of the Revolution' in response to the unrest?
-The 'Great Leader of the Revolution,' referring to President Sukarno, entered the room and later handed over control of the session to another leader due to the emergency situation.
What was the military’s stance on protecting President Sukarno according to the transcript?
-The military assured President Sukarno that they had not abandoned him and expressed regret over the morning's unrest, while pledging their continued loyalty.
Why did Sukarno express dissatisfaction with the Army’s actions?
-Sukarno expressed dissatisfaction because the Army had supported the demonstrators, who were attempting to overthrow him, despite their claims of loyalty.
What solution was proposed to handle the unrest in Jakarta?
-A suggestion was made to give General Suharto more authority to deal with the situation, potentially through a formal letter of command.
What is the significance of the March 11 Order (SP 11 Maret) mentioned in the transcript?
-The March 11 Order, or SP 11 Maret, was a command issued by President Sukarno, granting General Suharto authority to restore order. This eventually led to the dissolution of the PKI and marked a new era for Indonesia.
What historical period does the transcript focus on, and what were the key developments during this time?
-The transcript focuses on the period of political upheaval in early 1966, particularly the transition of power from President Sukarno to General Suharto, following the issuance of the SP 11 Maret and the suppression of the PKI.

Outlines

00:00

⚔️ Nationalism, Religion, and Revolution

This paragraph highlights the importance of merging three key elements: nationalism, religion, and communism, into a unified force to complete Indonesia's socialist revolution. The speaker expresses a strong commitment to not disbanding the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) to maintain the integrity of Nasakom (a blend of nationalism, religion, and communism). The paragraph ends with a description of the tense situation in Jakarta, where demonstrations disrupted the capital city.

05:11

⚠️ Threats and Political Tension

In this section, the focus is on a cabinet meeting disrupted by threats, which led to a chaotic situation. The narrator details the uncertainty surrounding who was behind the threats and the general sense of instability. The speaker expresses a determination to maintain Indonesia's principles of Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution, while the tense atmosphere builds as those in power try to navigate through the unfolding events.

10:11

📝 Signing the March 11 Order

This paragraph describes the pivotal moment when President Sukarno, after being visited by three generals, signs the March 11 Order (SP 11 Maret), granting General Soeharto the authority to restore order. This action leads to the dissolution of the PKI and marks the beginning of a new political era in Indonesia. The narrative captures the historical significance of this moment and how it shaped Indonesia's future.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Nasakom

Nasakom is a political concept coined by President Sukarno, representing the unity of nationalism (nasionalisme), religion (agama), and communism (komunisme). In the video, Sukarno expresses his commitment to Nasakom as an essential force to achieve the socialist revolution in Indonesia. The concept underlines the importance of combining these ideologies to create a unified national movement, which is a central theme in the video.

💡PKI

PKI refers to the Indonesian Communist Party (Partai Komunis Indonesia). In the script, Sukarno explains why he cannot dissolve the PKI without disrupting the Nasakom alliance. The PKI played a significant role in Indonesia's political landscape, and its eventual dissolution after the 11 March 1966 events marks a turning point in Indonesian history, as shown in the video.

💡Revolution

The term 'revolution' in this context refers to Indonesia's broader struggle to transform into a socialist society. Sukarno's vision of a revolution is rooted in uniting nationalist, religious, and communist forces. The video highlights this as the key goal of Sukarno's leadership and why he resists certain political changes, seeing them as threats to the revolution's success.

💡11 March 1966

This date marks a critical moment in Indonesian history, when General Soeharto was given authority to restore order in the country. In the video, the events leading up to and following 11 March 1966 are depicted as pivotal to the downfall of Sukarno's regime and the rise of Soeharto. It was during this time that Sukarno signed the 'Supersemar' (Surat Perintah Sebelas Maret), which empowered Soeharto.

💡Supersemar

Supersemar, short for 'Surat Perintah Sebelas Maret', refers to the 11 March Order signed by President Sukarno, giving General Soeharto full authority to take measures to restore order and security. In the video, this moment represents a crucial shift in power from Sukarno to Soeharto, leading to significant political changes, including the suppression of the PKI.

💡Suharto

General Suharto, who later became the President of Indonesia, is a key figure in the video. He was granted authority through the Supersemar to manage the national crisis and maintain order. Suharto's role in this historical moment, including his suppression of the PKI and eventual leadership, signals the beginning of a new era in Indonesia's political history.

💡Pancasila

Pancasila is the foundational philosophy of the Indonesian state, consisting of five principles that emphasize unity, democracy, social justice, and belief in one God. In the video, Pancasila is portrayed as a critical element in ensuring the integrity of the nation, particularly in the face of ideological tensions. The military leaders emphasize their dedication to safeguarding Pancasila during the political crisis.

💡Demonstrations

The video mentions demonstrations in Jakarta that were supported by elements of the military, particularly from Kostrad (Army Strategic Reserve Command) and RPKAD (Army Paratrooper Regiment). These protests were aimed at undermining Sukarno's authority and pushing for political change. Demonstrations play a significant role in the unfolding of the events that lead to the transfer of power to Suharto.

💡Bogor Palace

Bogor Palace is where President Sukarno moved during the political crisis for safety and to continue his leadership away from the tensions in Jakarta. In the video, the discussions about moving the government to Bogor symbolize Sukarno’s attempt to maintain control amid growing unrest, and it becomes the setting for key meetings between Sukarno and the military.

💡Army’s Role

The Indonesian Army, particularly generals like Soeharto, plays a pivotal role in the events depicted in the video. The army’s involvement in demonstrations and its ultimate decision to support Soeharto against Sukarno marked a decisive moment in the political shift of the country. The military's actions reflected its growing influence and control over political affairs in Indonesia.

Highlights

The speaker emphasizes the merging of three significant forces—nationalism, religion, and communism—into one powerful movement to complete the revolution towards a socialist society.

The speaker insists that dissolving the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) would weaken the Nasakom (nationalism, religion, communism) unity.

A tense situation emerges when the streets of Jakarta are paralyzed, and the palace is surrounded during the first cabinet meeting.

The leader of the revolution and the supreme commander of the Indonesian armed forces is mentioned as entering the room, and attendees are asked to stand.

The speaker addresses the tense security situation and assures that the revolution will continue despite the challenging circumstances.

A cabinet meeting is interrupted due to security threats, and discussions follow on how to protect the president.

Army generals debate the appropriate steps to ensure that President Soekarno does not feel abandoned by the military.

Soekarno reacts with frustration, questioning why the military is not taking action against the demonstrations, which he sees as part of a plot to overthrow him.

There is tension as Soekarno accuses the army of aligning with demonstrators to weaken his position.

The generals propose that General Soeharto could be given further trust and authority to handle the deteriorating situation.

The idea of issuing a special order or decree to General Soeharto is brought up as a solution to restore security and order.

Soekarno reluctantly agrees to sign a document giving more power to Soeharto, though he hesitates, aware of the possible long-term consequences.

The signing of the order, later known as the Supersemar (March 11 Decree), grants Soeharto broad authority to restore order.

Following the Supersemar, Soeharto moves swiftly to dissolve the PKI, aligning with the demands of the people.

The events surrounding the issuance of the Supersemar marked a major turning point in Indonesian political history, leading to a new chapter for the nation.