Uwi

Summary

This lecture provides an in-depth overview of medication administration, focusing on its importance for nursing students. It covers key concepts such as the types of medications (chemical, generic, trade names), the science of pharmacology, and the effects of drugs, including therapeutic effects, side effects, toxicity, and drug interactions. Emphasis is placed on the six rights of medication administration and the correct dosage calculations. Additionally, different methods of drug delivery, including oral, parenteral, and intravenous routes, are discussed, with a focus on patient safety and ethical responsibility in medication handling.

Takeaways

• 😀 Medication administration is a fundamental skill for nursing professionals, essential for patient safety and professional competence.
• 😀 Medications have different names: chemical name, generic name (e.g., Paracetamol), and trade name (e.g., Panadol).
• 😀 Pharmacology studies the effects of medications, while pharmacognosy focuses on the sources of medications such as plants, animals, and minerals.
• 😀 The pharmacokinetics of drugs includes their half-life, which is the time taken for the drug's effect to decrease as it is eliminated by the body.
• 😀 Medication effects include therapeutic effects (desired), side effects (undesirable), toxicity (from overdose), allergic reactions, drug tolerance, and drug interactions.
• 😀 Drug interactions can either enhance, decrease, or interfere with the absorption of drugs. For instance, certain drugs should not be taken together as they may block each other’s absorption.
• 😀 Medication administration should follow the six rights: right patient, right medication, right dose, right method, right time, and right documentation.
• 😀 Medication dosages for adults are calculated using formulas based on the prescribed and available dosage of the drug.
• 😀 Various routes of drug administration include oral, parenteral, intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intravenous, each with specific indications and absorption rates.
• 😀 Intravenous administration is used for rapid drug effects, especially in emergency situations, while other routes such as intramuscular and subcutaneous provide slower absorption.
• 😀 Understanding the safety and proper techniques of drug administration, including dosage calculation and patient assessment, is vital for avoiding medication errors and ensuring optimal patient care.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the lecture in the provided script?

The main focus of the lecture is on medication administration, emphasizing its importance in nursing practice, including medication calculation, patient safety, ethics, and professional responsibility.

What are the three types of drug names mentioned in the lecture?

The three types of drug names are: chemical name, generic name, and brand (trade) name.

What is the difference between the generic name and the brand name of a drug?

The generic name refers to the active ingredient in the drug, while the brand name is the name given by the pharmaceutical company when the drug is marketed. For example, 'paracetamol' is the generic name, while 'Panadol' is the brand name.

What is pharmacology, and how is it categorized?

Pharmacology is the study of drugs and their effects on the body. It is categorized into clinical pharmacology, which studies the effects of drugs in patients, and pharmacognosy, which studies the sources of drugs, such as plants, animals, and minerals.

What are the six types of drug effects mentioned in the lecture?

The six types of drug effects are: therapeutic effects, side effects, toxicity, allergic reactions, drug tolerance, and drug interactions.

What is the difference between therapeutic effects and side effects?

Therapeutic effects are the desired and intended effects of the medication, such as pain relief. Side effects are unintended and often undesirable effects, like drowsiness or nausea, that can occur with medication use.

How is drug toxicity defined, and what can cause it?

Drug toxicity refers to harmful effects caused by overdosing or excessive use of a medication, often leading to organ damage, particularly to the liver and kidneys.

What is drug tolerance, and how does it affect medication use?

Drug tolerance occurs when a person's physiological response to a drug diminishes over time, requiring higher doses to achieve the same effect. This can complicate medication management and lead to dependency.

What are the 'six rights' in medication administration?

The 'six rights' of medication administration are: right patient, right medication, right dose, right route, right time, and right documentation.

What are some of the different routes of medication administration discussed in the lecture?

The routes of medication administration include oral, parenteral (injection), intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intravenous routes.