Teori Psikoanalisis Sosial: Karen Horney

Summary

This video introduces Karen Horney, a prominent female figure in psychology, born in 1885 in Germany. It explores her early life, struggles with her father, and the psychological theories she developed, particularly her ideas on basic anxiety and neurosis. Horney’s conflict with Freudian theory led to her establishment of the American Institute for Psychoanalysis. Her work focused on how childhood experiences and societal conditions shape personality. Key concepts like basic anxiety, neurotic needs, and the ideal self are explored, along with a critique of her theories. The video provides a comprehensive look at her life and contributions to psychology.

Takeaways

• 😀 Karen Horney was born on September 15, 1885, near Hamburg, Germany, and is known for her work in psychology, particularly in the field of psychoanalysis.
• 😀 Horney faced emotional struggles growing up, including a difficult relationship with her father, who belittled her, and the trauma of her parents' divorce.
• 😀 Horney’s theory of neurosis emphasizes the impact of unmet childhood love and affection, leading to basic anxiety and hostility later in life.
• 😀 Horney rejected Freud's traditional theories, proposing that social and cultural factors, especially early childhood experiences, significantly shape personality development.
• 😀 In 1906, Horney started studying medicine at the University of Freiburg, where she met Oskar Horney, whom she married in 1909.
• 😀 Despite an unhappy marriage, Horney’s affairs with various men fueled her search for psychological insights and inspired her later theoretical developments.
• 😀 Horney's psychoanalytic training included attending the Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute and working with notable figures, leading to her own private practice in New York.
• 😀 She eventually left the New York Psychoanalytic Institute due to disagreements with traditional Freudian ideas and founded the American Institute of Psychoanalysis.
• 😀 Horney’s key psychological concept was 'basic anxiety,' which arises from early childhood experiences, influencing an individual’s later behavior and mental health.
• 😀 Horney identified neurotic needs, such as the need for affection, approval, and power, which manifest when individuals struggle to cope with interpersonal conflicts and basic anxiety.
• 😀 One of Horney's most notable theories is the 'intras psychic conflict,' involving the discrepancy between an individual’s real self, ideal self, and self-image, which contributes to mental distress.

Q & A

Who is Karen Horney, and when was she born?

Karen Horney was a German-born psychologist, born on September 15, 1885, in a small village near Hamburg, Germany.

What was Karen Horney's early family life like?

Karen Horney's father often made demeaning comments about her appearance and intelligence, which made her feel undervalued. She was closer to her mother, who was a cheerful, intelligent, and free-thinking woman.

How did Karen Horney's father's behavior affect her?

Horney's father's behavior led her to feel rejected and unattractive, despite her being physically beautiful. This negative treatment played a role in her struggles with self-esteem and mental health.

What significant life event caused Karen Horney to experience depression and stress?

Horney experienced depression and stress due to the treatment from her father and the divorce of her parents, which led her mother to leave her.

What is the main idea behind Karen Horney's theory of psychological development?

Horney's theory emphasizes that social and cultural conditions, particularly early childhood experiences, influence the development of one's personality, especially in terms of basic anxiety and hostility.

What is 'basic anxiety' according to Karen Horney?

Basic anxiety refers to the normal feeling of fear or insecurity that arises in infancy. If a child does not receive sufficient warmth and love, they may struggle to find security and satisfaction in life.

What does Karen Horney mean by 'basic hostility'?

Basic hostility refers to the negative feelings or anger that develop as a result of unmet needs for love and security during childhood. These feelings may become internalized and affect one's adult relationships.

How did Karen Horney's marriage affect her personal and professional life?

Horney's marriage to Oscar, which was unhappy and marked by his authoritarian character, led her to have affairs with various men. Despite this, her intellectual pursuits continued, and her personal struggles fueled her psychological theories.

What is the significance of Karen Horney's departure from the Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute?

Horney's departure from the Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute came after her ideas, which conflicted with Freud's traditional theories, were rejected. This led her to continue her work independently, including opening her own practice in New York.

What is 'neurotic transference' according to Karen Horney?

Neurotic transference refers to the tendency of individuals with basic anxiety to either approach, avoid, or resist others in an extreme manner. Healthy individuals may use a combination of these approaches to resolve conflicts, while neurotic individuals rely on just one approach.

What are the 'neurotic needs' identified by Karen Horney?

Horney identified 10 neurotic needs, such as the need for affection and approval, the need for a partner to take over one's life, and the need for social recognition. These needs arise from a person's attempts to resolve interpersonal conflicts and emotional distress.

How did Karen Horney conceptualize intra-psychic conflict?

Intra-psychic conflict, according to Horney, is a struggle within an individual between the 'ideal self' and the 'real self,' often manifesting as a conflict between self-image and the need for self-acceptance.

What are the four types of self-image according to Karen Horney?

Horney proposed four types of self-image: the real self (actual self), the ideal self (the self a person strives to be), the despised self (a negative self-image based on external evaluations), and the actual self (objective reality without others' perceptions).