📑Teori Kepribadian oleh B. F. Skinner

Summary

In this video, Diva Rufianti introduces the personality theory proposed by B.F. Skinner, a prominent figure in experimental psychology. Skinner's theory focuses on operant conditioning, explaining how behavior is shaped by reinforcement from the environment. Through experiments with animals like rats and pigeons, Skinner demonstrated that behavior increases when followed by positive reinforcement or decreases with negative reinforcement. The video outlines Skinner's key concepts, including positive and negative reinforcement, and discusses how these principles influence human behavior. The importance of reinforcement in shaping learning and behavior is emphasized.

Takeaways

• 😀 BF Skinner was born on May 20, 1904, in Susquehanna, Pennsylvania, USA.
• 😀 Skinner studied psychology at Harvard University, where he earned his doctorate in 1931.
• 😀 Skinner was known for his work in experimental psychology and behaviorism, focusing on operant conditioning.
• 😀 According to Skinner, human behavior is shaped by genetic factors and environmental conditioning.
• 😀 Skinner's theory emphasized the importance of reinforcement in the learning process.
• 😀 Skinner conducted experiments using rats and pigeons to study operant conditioning.
• 😀 The Skinner Box experiment demonstrated how behavior could be shaped through reinforcement.
• 😀 Skinner's Law of Operant Conditioning states that behaviors followed by positive reinforcement increase in frequency.
• 😀 The Law of Operant Exhibition suggests that behaviors lose strength if not followed by reinforcement.
• 😀 Skinner identified two types of reinforcement: positive reinforcement (reward) and negative reinforcement (removal of something undesirable).

Q & A

Who is B.F. Skinner, and what is his background?

B.F. Skinner, or Burrhus Frederic Skinner, was born on May 20, 1904, in Susquehanna, Pennsylvania, USA. He studied psychology at Harvard University and earned his Ph.D. in 1931. Skinner is known as a behaviorist and focused on experimental psychology, particularly the study of behavior and its consequences.

What is Skinner's main psychological theory?

Skinner's main psychological theory is behaviorism, with a focus on operant conditioning. He believed that behavior is shaped by environmental factors and can be modified through reinforcement, either positive or negative.

What is operant conditioning, according to Skinner?

Operant conditioning is the process by which behavior is strengthened or weakened by its consequences. Positive reinforcement increases the likelihood of a behavior occurring again, while negative reinforcement reduces it.

Can you explain the concept of reinforcement in Skinner's theory?

Reinforcement in Skinner's theory refers to the process of strengthening a behavior by following it with a stimulus that either increases or maintains the behavior. Positive reinforcement involves adding a reward, while negative reinforcement involves removing an undesirable stimulus.

What were some of Skinner's famous experiments?

Skinner is known for his experiments using a 'Skinner box,' in which he placed hungry rats or pigeons to observe their behavior. These experiments demonstrated how behavior could be conditioned through reinforcement. For example, the rats would accidentally press a lever to receive food, and over time, their behavior would become more frequent as they associated the lever press with food.

What is the difference between positive and negative reinforcement?

Positive reinforcement involves adding a pleasant stimulus (such as a reward) to increase the likelihood of a behavior, while negative reinforcement involves removing an unpleasant stimulus (such as a punishment) to also increase behavior. In contrast, punishment reduces the likelihood of a behavior occurring.

What is the law of operant conditioning?

The law of operant conditioning states that when a behavior is followed by a reinforcing stimulus, the behavior becomes stronger and more likely to occur in the future.

What is the law of operant extinction?

The law of operant extinction suggests that if a behavior that has been reinforced through conditioning no longer receives reinforcement, the behavior will eventually diminish and may disappear altogether.

How did Skinner define learning?

Skinner defined learning as the process of behavior change that occurs as a result of reinforcement. He believed that the strongest behaviors are those that are reinforced and that learning involves the conditioning of new behaviors through reinforcement.

What is the importance of environmental influence in Skinner's theory?

According to Skinner, humans are products of their environment. He argued that behavior is primarily shaped by environmental stimuli and that learning occurs through interactions with this environment, including reinforcement from social and physical surroundings.