problem solving- kemampuan pemecahan masalah part 2

Summary

This educational video focuses on teaching problem-solving strategies in mathematics, comparing two models: Polya's four-step process and Bransford's five-step approach. The speaker walks through each of Polya's stages—understanding the problem, devising a plan, carrying out the plan, and looking back—explaining how students can effectively tackle math problems. Emphasizing the importance of fully understanding the problem before proceeding, the video also encourages creativity and reflection in problem-solving. It provides practical examples to help middle and elementary school students engage with and apply these strategies in real-life contexts.

Takeaways

• 😀 The script discusses problem-solving abilities, focusing on the two main strategies: Bransford's five-step ideal problem solver model and Polya's four-step model.
• 😀 Bransford's model includes five stages, while Polya's model consists of four, with the key difference being the number of steps in each approach.
• 😀 The first stage in Polya's model is 'Understanding the Problem,' which emphasizes recognizing what is known and what needs to be solved.
• 😀 'Understanding the Problem' involves interpreting the given problem, often using images, tables, or mathematical notation to visualize the problem.
• 😀 The second stage, 'Devising a Plan,' encourages students to think of multiple ways to approach the problem and select the most appropriate strategy.
• 😀 At this stage, creativity and prior knowledge are essential, as students must determine the right methods or formulas to apply based on the given problem.
• 😀 'Carry Out the Plan' is the third step, focusing on executing the strategy and solving the problem, which requires patience and careful attention to detail.
• 😀 The teacher's role is crucial in guiding students through the process by facilitating problem-solving and providing feedback when necessary.
• 😀 The fourth step, 'Looking Back,' involves reviewing the solution to ensure its accuracy and efficiency, encouraging students to reflect on their approach and make adjustments if needed.
• 😀 Looking Back also helps students connect previously learned concepts with new knowledge and refine their problem-solving skills.
• 😀 The script ends by assigning a task to students to find an article related to mathematical problem-solving, encouraging them to analyze the approach in problem-solving education.

Q & A

What is the first step in the problem-solving process according to Polya?

The first step is 'Understanding the Problem'. This involves determining what is known, what is unknown, and what needs to be solved, as well as representing the problem in various forms like images, tables, or mathematical notations.

How can students present the information in a problem during the 'Understanding the Problem' stage?

Students can represent the information in a problem by writing it out, drawing diagrams, creating tables, or using mathematical notation to help clarify the known and unknown elements of the problem.

Why is the 'Understanding the Problem' stage crucial for solving math problems?

This stage is crucial because if students do not understand the problem properly, they cannot set the correct strategy for solving it, which can lead to incorrect or incomplete solutions.

What are some of the methods mentioned for devising a plan in problem-solving?

Some methods include trial and error, finding patterns, creating systematic lists, using diagrams or models, and considering or eliminating possible solutions based on prior knowledge.

What role does creativity play in devising a plan for solving problems?

Creativity plays a significant role in devising a plan because it helps students think of alternative strategies or solutions that they might not have encountered before, relying on their imagination and prior knowledge.

In the 'Carry Out the Plan' stage, what key factor helps students succeed?

Patience is a key factor in the 'Carry Out the Plan' stage. Students must carefully execute their solution step-by-step, ensuring they follow the correct procedures and remain attentive to detail.

What should students be cautious of when solving problems in the 'Carry Out the Plan' stage?

Students should be cautious of rushing through the process, as this can lead to mistakes. They should take their time, be thorough, and check their work carefully to ensure accuracy.

What is the purpose of the 'Looking Back' stage in problem-solving?

The 'Looking Back' stage involves reviewing and reflecting on the entire solution process. Students assess whether their chosen strategy was effective and if there are alternative methods that could have been more efficient.

How does the 'Looking Back' stage help students improve their problem-solving skills?

It helps students improve by encouraging them to analyze their methods, recognize errors, and make adjustments for future problems. It also fosters critical thinking and the ability to adapt to different challenges.

What is the main difference between the five-stage model by Bransford and the four-stage model by Polya?

The main difference is that Bransford’s model has five stages, while Polya's model simplifies the process into four stages. However, both models emphasize a structured approach to problem-solving.