Avaliação Semiológica e Diagnostica em Pequenso Animais - Aula 14.4

Summary

This veterinary class focuses on diagnostic evaluation of small animals, particularly the urinary system. The main technique discussed is cystocentesis, an ultrasound-guided procedure to collect urine directly from the bladder, reducing contamination risks. Indications for this procedure include urine sample collection and relieving bladder pressure in cases of obstruction. Contraindications involve coagulation disorders, prostate inflammation, and suspected neoplasia. The session also covers the collection of free fluid from the abdomen using ultrasound to determine its nature. Overall, these techniques are crucial for accurate diagnosis and safe management of urinary system issues in animals.

Takeaways

• 😀 Cystocentesis is a common veterinary procedure used to collect urine samples through ultrasound-guided puncture of the bladder.
• 😀 The main goal of cystocentesis is to reduce the risk of contamination from external bacteria around the genital area.
• 😀 Bacteria from the external environment can contaminate urine samples, leading to false-positive results if not performed properly.
• 😀 Performing cystocentesis under ultrasound guidance ensures a sterile collection of urine directly from the bladder, avoiding external contamination.
• 😀 Cystocentesis is indicated for collecting urine for laboratory analysis and reducing bladder pressure in cases of urinary obstruction.
• 😀 Urinary obstruction, such as urethral stones, can cause urine retention, and cystocentesis is used to relieve the pressure while awaiting surgical intervention.
• 😀 Ultrasound-guided cystocentesis requires careful placement of the needle in the caudal abdomen, aiming at the bladder.
• 😀 There are contraindications for performing cystocentesis, including coagulation disorders, prostate inflammation or infection, and suspected neoplasms.
• 😀 In cases of prostate infection, such as prostatitis or abscesses, ultrasound guidance is necessary to avoid damaging the prostate and causing severe pain.
• 😀 The procedure should be avoided if there is suspicion of cancer (neoplasia) to prevent the spread of cancerous cells through needle puncture.
• 😀 Other procedures involve collecting free fluid in the abdomen to diagnose conditions like transudate or presence of urine, which is also guided by ultrasound for accurate sampling.

Q & A

What is the main focus of this lecture?

The main focus of the lecture is on diagnostic evaluation and the collection of biological samples from small animals, specifically related to the urinary tract using techniques such as cystocentesis guided by ultrasonography.

What is cystocentesis and why is it important?

Cystocentesis is a procedure where a needle is used to directly puncture the bladder to collect urine. It is important because it avoids contamination from external bacteria found in areas like the vulva or penis, ensuring accurate laboratory analysis of the urine sample.

What are the main indications for performing cystocentesis?

The main indications for cystocentesis are the collection of urine for laboratory analysis and the reduction of bladder pressure in cases of urinary tract obstruction, such as when there are urethral stones preventing urination.

How is cystocentesis performed?

Cystocentesis is performed under ultrasonographic guidance, where antisepsis is applied, and a needle is inserted at a specific location in the abdomen to puncture the bladder and collect urine. This method helps ensure the sample is free from external contamination.

Why is ultrasonography important in cystocentesis?

Ultrasonography is crucial in cystocentesis as it guides the precise insertion of the needle into the bladder, reducing the risk of incorrect punctures and minimizing discomfort for the animal.

What are the contraindications for performing cystocentesis?

Cystocentesis should be avoided in animals with coagulation disorders, as it can lead to excessive bleeding. It is also contraindicated in animals with prostatitis, abscesses, or suspected neoplasms near the bladder or puncture site.

Why is cystocentesis not recommended for animals with prostatitis or abscesses?

Cystocentesis is not recommended for animals with prostatitis or abscesses because the procedure can cause increased pain and potential worsening of the infection, as the needle could puncture areas of inflammation or infection.

What risks are associated with performing cystocentesis in animals with suspected neoplasia?

In animals with suspected neoplasia, performing cystocentesis could lead to the spread of cancerous cells from the bladder or surrounding tissues to other parts of the body, making the condition worse.

What is the role of collecting free fluid in the abdomen during diagnostic procedures?

Collecting free fluid from the abdomen is important to identify the characteristics of the fluid, such as whether it is blood, urine, or a transudate. This helps diagnose conditions like internal bleeding, urinary leaks, or other abdominal issues.

What is the significance of conducting a sample collection in a sterile, septic manner?

Conducting the sample collection in a sterile and septic manner is crucial to avoid contamination from external bacteria, ensuring that the results of the laboratory analysis are accurate and reflect the animal's internal condition rather than external contamination.