Voto feminino: brasileiras conquistaram direito em 1932

Summary

This video script explores the historical journey of women in Brazil fighting for political rights, culminating in the achievement of suffrage. It begins by detailing the societal role of women in Brazil, which was initially limited to domestic duties. The script traces key events like the foundation of feminist movements, particularly in the 1920s, and the influence of figures like Bertha Lutz. It also highlights pioneering moments, such as women voting in 1927 and electing the first female mayor in 1928. While suffrage was granted in 1932, it wasn't until 1945 that women fully participated in elections. The video further discusses the ongoing struggle for gender equality in politics, referencing modern-day challenges and achievements, such as Dilma Rousseff's presidency and the creation of a national day for women's suffrage.

Takeaways

• 😀 Women's roles in Brazilian society were historically defined as being mothers, wives, and housewives, with limited access to political involvement.
• 😀 The discussion about women's right to vote in Brazil began in the late 19th century, with women using newspapers as a key tool for advocating for gender equality.
• 😀 Two significant women-owned newspapers, 'A Família' and 'O Sexo Feminino,' played a crucial role in initiating debates on political rights for women.
• 😀 The first organized suffragist movement in Brazil began in the 1920s, led by Bertha Lutz and the creation of the Federação Brasileira pelo Progresso Feminino.
• 😀 In 1911, the Partido Republicano Feminino was founded, a political party for women who did not yet have the right to vote, symbolizing a pioneering effort for women's political participation.
• 😀 Influences from feminist movements in the UK and the US played a key role in shaping Brazil's suffragist movement, especially after Bertha Lutz returned to Brazil from studying in Paris.
• 😀 The right to vote for women in Brazil was granted in 1932 through a decree, but with several restrictions, such as the requirement for financial independence and the exclusion of illiterate women.
• 😀 Women in the state of Rio Grande do Norte were among the first to participate in elections before the national vote was fully implemented, with Celina Guimarães Viana being allowed to vote in 1927 and Luiza Alzira Soriano Teixeira becoming the first female mayor in 1928.
• 😀 The full implementation of women's voting rights and the election of women to public office became a reality only after the redemocratization of Brazil in 1945.
• 😀 Despite significant progress, women still face barriers in political participation. Although women make up 52% of voters, only 30% of political candidates in Brazil were women in the 2018 elections.
• 😀 The election of Dilma Rousseff as Brazil's first female president in 2010, nearly 100 years after the creation of the first women's political party, marks a milestone in women's political participation. In 2015, she established a law creating the National Day for the Conquest of Women's Right to Vote.

Q & A

What was the traditional role of women in Brazilian society before the 20th century?

Women in Brazilian society were traditionally expected to be mothers, wives, and housewives. Their access to politics was highly restricted, and they had limited roles in public life.

When did the women's suffrage movement begin in Brazil?

The women's suffrage movement in Brazil began in the late 19th century, with Brazilian women initiating the debate for equal rights and using the press as a tool to spread their message.

How did women in Brazil use the press to advance the cause of suffrage?

Women like Josefina Álvares de Azevedo and Senhorinha da Motta Diniz owned and ran newspapers such as 'A Família' and 'O Sexo Feminino.' These newspapers were key in spreading the feminist ideas and advocating for women's rights, including the right to vote.

What was the role of Bertha Lutz in the Brazilian suffrage movement?

Bertha Lutz played a central role in the suffrage movement in Brazil, especially after the 1920s. She founded the Federação Brasileira pelo Progresso Feminino and brought influences from the international feminist movements in the UK and the US, contributing to the legal recognition of women's voting rights.

What were some early milestones in women's political participation in Brazil?

In 1927, Celina Guimarães Viana became the first woman in Brazil allowed to vote in a local election in Rio Grande do Norte. In 1928, Luiza Alzira Soriano Teixeira became the first woman elected mayor in Brazil, also in Rio Grande do Norte.

What was the impact of the 1932 Electoral Code on women's suffrage in Brazil?

The 1932 Electoral Code granted women the right to vote, but with certain restrictions. Women had to be financially independent and were excluded if they were illiterate. It was a limited, but important, step toward women's political participation.

How did the political landscape for women change after 1945?

After the redemocratization of Brazil in 1945, women were able to vote in large numbers and hold elected offices more effectively. This period marked the beginning of more significant female participation in Brazilian politics.

What role did the Vida Capichaba magazine play in the feminist movement in Espírito Santo?

The Vida Capichaba magazine became a key platform for intellectual women in Espírito Santo to discuss feminist issues, including women's suffrage and even controversial topics like divorce. Many of the women involved were educated writers, teachers, and academics.

Who was Judith Leão Castello Ribeiro, and why is she significant in the history of women's politics in Espírito Santo?

Judith Leão Castello Ribeiro was a prominent political figure and the first female state deputy elected in Espírito Santo in 1947. Her electoral success was groundbreaking, and she worked to improve education and military affairs during her time in office.

What was the state of female political representation in Brazil in 2018, and what challenges did women face?

In 2018, women made up 52% of voters in Brazil but only represented 30% of candidates. This discrepancy was partly due to a law mandating female candidacies, but the participation was still not entirely voluntary, reflecting a broader gender imbalance in the political sphere.