Manual para Controle da Qualidade do Sangue Total e Hemocomponentes - Parte 1

Summary

In this video, Amanda Moura, a nurse, explains the process of blood quality control and the handling of blood components for hemotherapy, specifically for public health exams. She covers the definition and separation of blood components, including red blood cell concentrates, platelet concentrates, plasma, and cryoprecipitate. The video also delves into blood storage, anticoagulants, and the challenges of preserving blood. Additionally, she provides an overview of hemoderivatives like human albumin and immunoglobulins, key for various treatments. Aimed at nursing students and those preparing for hemotherapy-related exams, the video offers insights into blood collection, processing, and storage.

Takeaways

• 😀 Total blood is collected without any processing, maintaining its original properties before being separated into its components.
• 😀 Hemocomponents are obtained through centrifugation of total blood, separating elements like red blood cells, platelets, and plasma.
• 😀 Cryoprecipitate is derived from fresh frozen plasma and is used for specific coagulation needs.
• 😀 Hemoderivatives such as albumin, immunoglobulins, and clotting factors are produced through physical-chemical processes from plasma.
• 😀 Albumin helps absorb excess water from tissues into blood vessels, increasing blood volume.
• 😀 Immunoglobulins act as antibodies, protecting the body from antigens and supporting the immune system.
• 😀 Factor VIII and IX are essential for blood clotting and are used to treat bleeding disorders.
• 😀 Blood storage conditions are crucial, with total blood being stored between 2°C to 6°C, depending on the anticoagulant used.
• 😀 After 24 hours of storage, the quality of blood decreases due to changes in pH, increased potassium, and loss of platelet viability.
• 😀 Whole blood is rarely transfused today; instead, processed components like red blood cells and platelets are more commonly used.
• 😀 CPDA-1 anticoagulant allows total blood to be stored for up to 35 days, while CPD allows storage for 21 days.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the manual that Amanda Moura is using in the video?

The manual is focused on blood quality control, including the separation of blood components and hemoderivatives, specifically for those preparing for public service exams related to blood banks and hemotherapy centers.

What is the difference between whole blood and blood components?

Whole blood is collected without any modification or processing, containing all its original elements, while blood components are separated through centrifugation, isolating specific parts like red blood cells, platelets, and plasma.

What are the main blood components that can be separated from whole blood?

The main components are red blood cell concentrate (hemácias), platelet concentrate, fresh frozen plasma (PFC), and cryoprecipitate.

What is the process of preparing platelet concentrate from whole blood?

Platelet concentrate is obtained through double centrifugation of whole blood, preferably within 12 minutes of collection.

How is fresh frozen plasma (PFC) produced, and what is its significance?

Fresh frozen plasma is separated from whole blood by centrifugation, and then frozen within 6 to 8 hours of collection. It is important for its role in transfusion medicine, particularly for patients needing clotting factors.

What is the role of albumin in plasma?

Albumin is a protein that helps to absorb excess water from tissues back into the bloodstream, thereby increasing blood volume.

What is cryoprecipitate, and how is it obtained?

Cryoprecipitate is a fraction of plasma that is insoluble when cooled, obtained from fresh frozen plasma through additional centrifugation. It contains fibrinogen and other clotting factors.

What is the significance of using anticoagulants like CPDA-1 and ACD in blood storage?

Anticoagulants like CPDA-1 and ACD prevent blood from clotting during storage, and also provide nutrients to red blood cells, prolonging their viability for transfusion.

Why is whole blood not commonly used for transfusions today?

Whole blood is rarely used for transfusion because blood components like red blood cell concentrate provide more targeted treatment, and transfusing smaller volumes is more effective.

What happens to the quality of blood components after 24 hours of storage?

After 24 hours, blood components begin to degrade: microaggregates form, platelet viability decreases, and plasma pH drops, becoming more acidic.