Pembelajaran Berbasis Komputer (PBK) 🔴Teori Edgar Dale, Kerucut Pengalaman

Summary

This video introduces Edgar Dale's Cone of Experience, a framework that categorizes learning experiences based on their level of concreteness and abstractness. First introduced in 1946, the cone visually represents the hierarchy of learning methods, from reading and listening (10-20% effectiveness) to engaging in role-playing and simulations (90% effectiveness). Dale's theory connects learning with audiovisual communication, advocating for more effective, hands-on experiences in education. This model offers educators a guide for selecting the most effective tools to enhance student engagement and learning outcomes.

Takeaways

• 😀 The concept of Edgar Dale's Cone of Experience was first introduced in 1946 in his book 'Audiovisual Methods in Teaching'.
• 😀 Dale revised the Cone of Experience in 1954 and 1969, adapting it to new educational approaches.
• 😀 The Cone of Experience classifies learning experiences based on their level of abstraction, from concrete to abstract.
• 😀 Teachers were attracted to the Cone of Experience as it provided a guide for selecting appropriate teaching media.
• 😀 Edgar Dale's Cone of Experience connects learning theory to audiovisual communication in teaching.
• 😀 At the top of the Cone of Experience are abstract activities like reading, which have a 10% effectiveness rate.
• 😀 The effectiveness of learning increases with more interactive experiences like listening (20%) and watching videos (30%).
• 😀 More engaging activities like discussions and presentations are more effective, with an effectiveness rate of 50% to 70%.
• 😀 The most effective learning experiences, with a 90% effectiveness rate, include role-playing, simulations, and hands-on activities.
• 😀 The Cone of Experience emphasizes the importance of real-life, direct experiences in learning and their impact on knowledge retention.
• 😀 The Cone of Experience serves as a foundational framework for integrating various teaching methods with student engagement.

Q & A

What is Edgar Dale's Cone of Experience?

Edgar Dale's Cone of Experience is a visual model that classifies different types of learning experiences, ranging from the most concrete and direct experiences at the bottom to the most abstract ones at the top. It was introduced by Dale in 1946 and revised in later editions.

Who first introduced the Cone of Experience?

The Cone of Experience was first introduced by Edgar Dale in 1946 in his book 'Audiovisual Methods in Teaching.'

What is the main purpose of the Cone of Experience?

The purpose of the Cone of Experience is to illustrate the relationship between learning experiences and their effectiveness, based on the media used. It suggests that learners achieve the best results through more direct and hands-on experiences.

How does the Cone of Experience relate to teaching methods?

The Cone of Experience serves as a guide for teachers to choose appropriate tools and media based on the level of involvement and effectiveness for students. It suggests that learning is more effective when students engage with concrete experiences.

What are the effectiveness percentages associated with different levels of the Cone of Experience?

The Cone of Experience lists effectiveness percentages as follows: Reading – 10%, Listening – 20%, Viewing pictures/films/demonstrations – 30%, Participating in discussions or giving presentations – 50-70%, and Direct involvement like role-playing or simulations – 90%.

Why are more abstract experiences less effective according to the Cone of Experience?

More abstract experiences are less effective because they provide limited engagement with the real world, requiring students to rely on imagination or interpretation, whereas concrete experiences involve direct interaction, leading to better retention and understanding.

How did teachers initially react to Edgar Dale's Cone of Experience?

Teachers were initially attracted to the Cone of Experience because it provided a simple and practical framework for selecting appropriate media and methods to enhance the learning process.

What role does audiovisual communication play in Edgar Dale's Cone of Experience?

Audiovisual communication plays a key role in the Cone of Experience by facilitating different levels of engagement. It supports the transition from more abstract to more concrete forms of learning through the use of visual and auditory media.

What does the concept of 'concrete experience' mean in the context of the Cone of Experience?

In the context of the Cone of Experience, 'concrete experience' refers to hands-on, real-world activities that directly involve the learner. These experiences are highly effective because they engage multiple senses and are closely tied to reality.

What impact did Edgar Dale's Cone of Experience have on education?

Edgar Dale's Cone of Experience had a significant impact on education by providing a framework that emphasized the importance of experiential learning. It encouraged the use of more engaging, interactive, and practical teaching methods to improve student outcomes.