How to draw to remember more | Graham Shaw | TEDxVienna

Summary

在这段视频中，讲者讨论了通过绘画来记忆信息的重要性。通过将文字转化为简单的图形，我们能够更好地记住信息。视频展示了如何通过简单的圆形、三角形和方形等基本形状来绘制各种图案，并解释了这些图案如何帮助记忆。研究表明，与单纯写字相比，绘图能使记忆效果提高两倍。讲者鼓励大家利用这些绘图技巧来增强学习能力，并帮助他人通过绘画来更好地记忆信息。

Takeaways

• 📚 记忆信息的困难：演讲者分享了在学校时通过阅读学习的经历，但发现有时信息难以记住，这可能引起焦虑和担忧。
• 🎨 绘图记忆法：提出将信息转化为图画的方法，因为绘图可以帮助我们更好地记忆。
• 🤔 每个人都能绘图：演讲者认为每个人都能够绘图，即使不是专业画家，也能通过简单的图画来帮助记忆。
• 🔧 构建视觉工具箱：介绍了如何使用基本形状（如圆形、钻石、三角形等）来构建视觉工具箱，并用这些形状来创造图画。
• 🐟 创造记忆图像：通过简单的步骤，如绘制眼睛、鼻子和嘴巴，创造出具有不同表情的面孔，以及鱼、猫和公共汽车等图像。
• 🧠 大脑对图像的强大记忆能力：通过观察图画，大脑能够在不看原图的情况下记住图像及其在页面上的位置。
• 📈 绘图记忆效果的科学研究：提到了加拿大滑铁卢大学的一项研究，发现绘图记忆的效果是书写记忆的两倍。
• 🎨 绘图质量与记忆效果：研究表明，绘图的质量并不影响记忆效果，即使简单的图画也能帮助记忆。
• 🔗 图像与意义的链接：通过将图像与特定概念或信息链接起来，可以加深记忆，如将树与“生命”、“成长”或“稳定”等概念联系起来。
• 🌟 创新的图像化：鼓励练习将抽象概念（如“创新”或“信任”）转化为具体的图像，以帮助记忆。
• 👨‍👩‍👧‍👦 绘图技能的广泛应用：演讲者鼓励大家开始使用绘图技能，无论是为了自己还是为了他人，如孩子、朋友或同事，以使学习更加难忘。

Q & A

演讲者提到了一种学习方式，这种方式是什么？

演讲者提到了通过将信息转化为图画的方式来学习，这种方式可以帮助人们更好地记忆信息。

为什么演讲者认为通过画画来学习可以提高记忆力？

演讲者认为通过画画来学习可以提高记忆力，因为当我们画画时，我们能够更加深刻地记住所画的内容。

演讲者提到了一个关于记忆的研究，这个研究是由哪个机构进行的？

演讲者提到的关于记忆的研究是由加拿大的滑铁卢大学进行的。

在滑铁卢大学的研究中，参与者被要求记忆多少个单词？

在滑铁卢大学的研究中，参与者被要求记忆30个单词。

根据研究，通过画画记忆单词的方式相比于单纯写下来，效果如何？

根据研究，通过画画记忆单词的方式相比于单纯写下来，人们能够记住的单词数量是后者的两倍。

演讲者提到了使用图画来记忆抽象概念，能否举个例子说明？

演讲者提到了使用图画来记忆抽象概念，例如使用一个树的形象来代表'生命'、'成长'或'稳定'。

演讲者在视频中使用了哪些基本图形来构建视觉工具包？

演讲者使用了圆形、菱形、三角形、矩形、云朵形状和正方形等基本图形来构建视觉工具包。

演讲者如何使用这些基本图形来帮助记忆？

演讲者通过将这些基本图形转化为具体的图画，例如将圆形变成眼睛、鼻子和嘴巴，将菱形变成鱼的身体等，来帮助记忆。

演讲者提到了一个关于信任的图画，这个图画是什么样的？

演讲者提到的关于信任的图画是一个小人站在一个类似云朵的形状上，这个图画帮助人们记住'TRUST'这个概念。

演讲者鼓励大家如何使用这种记忆方法？

演讲者鼓励大家开始使用这种通过画画来帮助记忆的技能，无论是为了自己还是为了他人，比如孩子、朋友或同事。

演讲者在视频中提到了哪些记忆技巧？

演讲者提到了将信息转化为图画、使用基本图形构建视觉工具包、将图画与意义联系起来等记忆技巧。

Outlines

00:00

📚 学习记忆的挑战与绘图记忆法

视频脚本的第一部分讲述了人们在学习过程中遇到的记忆力问题，例如阅读文字时信息难以记住，特别是在考试临近时的焦虑感。随后介绍了一种通过将信息转化为图画来增强记忆的方法，强调了绘图能够帮助我们更好地记住信息。演讲者鼓励观众相信自己有能力通过简单的图画来提升学习效果，并开始了如何使用基本图形，如圆形，来构建视觉工具箱的演示。

05:01

🎨 构建视觉工具箱：基本图形与记忆

第二部分继续介绍了如何使用基本图形来创建图画，以增强记忆力。演讲者演示了如何用圆形、钻石、三角形、矩形、云形和正方形等基本图形，通过简单的添加和变化，创造出鱼、猫、公交车、树和房子等图画。这些图画不仅帮助观众记住了图形，还记住了它们在页面上的具体位置。此外，演讲者提到了一项在加拿大滑铁卢大学进行的研究，该研究发现通过绘画记忆单词的效果是书写记忆的两倍，而且绘画的质量并不影响记忆效果。

10:01

🌳 通过图形链接概念和抽象思想

第三段内容深入探讨了如何将图画与概念和抽象思想联系起来，以增强记忆。演讲者以树为例，展示了如何将树与生命、成长和稳定等概念联系起来，并鼓励观众练习将信息转化为图画的思维。接着，演讲者以生物学中的白血球为例，展示了如何创造一个白血球角色，用以记忆白血球的功能。此外，演讲者还介绍了如何用简单的图画来记忆抽象概念，如信任，并邀请观众进行一个小实验，测试他们对之前所学图形的记忆。

15:06

🤗 推广绘图记忆法，提升学习潜力

最后一部分，演讲者鼓励观众将绘图记忆法应用到自己的生活中，无论是为了自己还是为了他人，如孩子、朋友或同事。演讲者强调，我们所有人都是终身学习者，而绘图能力可以极大地扩展我们的学习潜力。演讲者呼吁观众开始使用这项技能，并传播这样一个信息：当我们绘图时，我们会记住更多。最后，演讲者感谢观众并收获了掌声。

Keywords

💡记忆

记忆是大脑对信息进行编码、存储和检索的过程。在视频中，提到了人们在学习时常常会遇到记忆困难，比如记不住书本上的文字信息。视频的核心主题之一就是通过将信息转化为图像来增强记忆，例如通过绘制简单的图画来帮助记忆单词或概念。

💡图像

图像是指视觉呈现的图画或图形。视频中强调了图像在记忆中的重要性，指出通过将信息转化为图像可以更容易地记住它们。例如，通过绘制一个圆圈和眼睛来代表一个笑脸，或者用一个三角形和几个线条来创造一艘船的图画。

💡学习

学习是指获取新知识或技能的过程。视频中讨论了学习过程中的记忆问题，并提出了一种通过视觉工具箱来增强学习效果的方法。通过绘制和创造图像，可以使学习过程更加生动和容易记忆。

💡视觉工具箱

视觉工具箱是指一系列可以用来创造图像的基本形状，如圆形、三角形、矩形等。视频中介绍了如何使用这些基本形状来构建更复杂的图像，以帮助记忆和理解信息。这是视频传达的一个关键概念，用于展示如何通过简单的视觉元素来增强记忆。

💡表情

表情是指面部或身体的动作和姿势，用来表达情感或反应。视频中通过绘制不同的表情来展示如何通过图像来传达和记忆情感状态，如绘制一个带有惊讶表情的圆圈来表示震惊，或者绘制一个带有思考表情的圆圈来表示深思。

💡抽象概念

抽象概念是指不依赖于具体物体或实例的思想或概念。视频中提到了如何通过图像来记忆抽象概念，例如将'信任'与一个简单的人物图像联系起来，以帮助记忆和理解这个概念。

💡绘图

绘图是指使用线条、形状和颜色在纸上或其他表面上创造图像的过程。视频中强调了绘图作为一种记忆工具的重要性，指出即使不是艺术大师，人们也能够通过简单的绘图来提高记忆力。

💡研究

研究是指系统性的调查或分析，以发现新信息或验证假设。视频中提到了加拿大滑铁卢大学的一项研究，该研究发现绘图比书写或视觉化更能提高记忆效果，这支持了视频中关于绘图和记忆的观点。

💡连接

连接是指将两个或多个事物关联起来的过程。在视频中，提到了将图像与意义连接起来的重要性，这有助于记忆和理解信息。例如，将一个树的图像与'生命'、'成长'或'稳定'的概念联系起来。

💡实验

实验是指为了测试假设或探索现象而进行的系统性操作和观察。视频中进行了一个记忆实验，要求观众在不看原始图像的情况下，尽可能地回忆并绘制出之前展示的图像，以此来证明绘图对记忆的帮助。

Highlights

通过将信息转化为图画，我们可以更好地记住它。

即使不擅长绘画，人们也能通过简单的图画来增强记忆。

作者介绍了如何使用视觉工具包来创建记忆图像。

首先，使用圆形作为基础形状来构建图像。

通过简单的圆形，可以创造出各种表情和图像。

接着，介绍了如何使用菱形、三角形和矩形等形状来创建图像。

通过组合不同的形状，可以创造出更加复杂的图像。

研究显示，绘制图像比单纯书写文字能更好地帮助记忆。

加拿大滑铁卢大学的研究证明了绘制图像对记忆的积极影响。

绘制图像的质量并不影响记忆效果。

绘制图像在记忆效果上优于其他记忆方法。

通过图像和意义的关联，可以帮助我们记忆抽象概念。

使用视觉工具包可以链接到许多不同的概念和想法。

练习将概念转化为图像，可以提高我们的思维图像化能力。

通过实例展示了如何将生物学概念转化为图像。

颜色的添加可以增强图像的记忆效果。

抽象概念如'信任'也可以通过简单的图像来记忆。

实验表明，参与者能够通过绘制图像来回忆信息。

鼓励大家开始使用绘画技巧，使学习和记忆更加难忘。

绘画技巧可以帮助我们扩展学习潜力。

Transcripts

Translator: Oksana Molodoria Reviewer: Marìa Antonella Grassi

I wonder if you can relate to this.

Have you ever had trouble remembering information?

Lines of writing like this?

When I was at school, one way I used to learn was this:

I used to read.

And reading's a great way to learn, isn't it?

But you know, sometimes my expression would be a bit like this.

Because what I used to find was that sometimes I'd be reading all these lines

and they just weren't going in. Is this familiar to you?

And I'd sometimes turn the paper over and try to remember it

and my mind had just gone blank and I couldn't remember anything.

And then I'd start to get really worried.

I'd start to sweat

and fret

and get all anxious,

especially if it got near to the examination.

And I thought to myself, "I'm never gonna remember any of this!"

And I also thought to myself, "There must be an easier way, mustn't there?"

And there is.

Because if we take that information and we turn it into a picture with a drawing,

we remember it. Because when we draw, we remember more!

But you know the only trouble with that?

People say, "That's a great idea but I can't draw."

But I believe everybody can draw certainly well enough to make learning memorable.

And today I'd like to show you how to do that.

We're gonna start building up our visual tool kit with, firstly, a circle.

So get your paper ready. Let's have a go.

Have your paper this way around like the flip chart.

And we are gonna start by simply drawing a circle like that.

Next, what I'd like you to do is draw two more circles

and make them into eyes.

Then a nose.

And then a nice smile.

And now over here let's try another one.

Some more eyes, this time looking in this way and a nose.

And this time let's do a different expression

a circle which we can shade in and we've got a shocked expression.

Let's try one more

just down here.

Another circle!

And this time draw the eyes, but looking upward,

and then a nose.

And now watch carefully, if you blink, you might miss it.

(Laughter)

A thoughtful expression.

So that's our first shape in our visual tool kit, a circle.

And everything we're going to do is gonna be as easy as that.

So just turn your page over

and we're gonna build our visual tool kit up.

This time again have your page in portrait style

and we're gonna begin over here.

And the first shape we're going to do is a diamond.

So just draw that.

Then we think, "What could we make it into?"

Put a triangle on the end.

Now I'm gonna put a little eye there

and a smile.

Got a little fish!

Perhaps some bubbles.

There we are.

In the centre draw a circle.

Now connect the circle with a line to the fish.

We'll call that number one.

Now draw a line up here.

We'll call that number two.

We're gonna do a circle again.

Just watch. Here it goes.

And next a couple of eyes looking that way.

And now a nose and a smile.

Something different. Two triangles on the top

and next, three lines this way, three lines that way

and we've got a cat!

Let's go over this way.

Number three.

Let's draw a circle at the top.

Now let's draw a line down

and then another line here to make a leg.

Next, we're gonna draw a line at that way

and now an arm to the side

and the other one up like that.

So we've got a figure.

And if we put

two little lines there

could be a dancer.

Let's draw number four.

That's gonna be a triangle.

And let's see what shape we could make that into

and what picture we could make it into.

It looks like a boat with another triangle and a little line underneath.

We could even put a flag on top

and a bit of water there.

Next, come down here.

Number five.

We're gonna draw a rectangle.

Just watch.

Just like that.

And let's put some circles here for wheels.

We could make a little bus out of that rectangle.

A horizontal line,

two lines vertically

for windows,

and some people who are inside the bus.

Next, let's draw a vertical line.

Number six.

A totally different shape this time.

Let's go with a shape that looks a bit like a cloud.

But two vertical lines below

and we can make it into a tree.

Finally, number seven down here.

We haven't done a square yet.

Let's do a square

and we can put a triangle on top, so we combine the shapes in our visual tool kit.

A little door

and a couple of windows.

So there we are.

We've used the shapes in our visual tool kit to create pictures

and of course we could create

many more different pictures with that.

So...

But the wonderful thing is

the amazing power of your mind to see pictures when they are not there.

Because as you look at the picture now

by just taking a mental picture, it kinda going 'click!' in your mind.

You can actually remember not only the pictures

but exactly where they are located on the page.

So just turn your paper over so you can't see

and let's do a little experiment here and just have a look.

What I'm gonna ask you to do now:

I'm gonna point to different places on the flip chart

and only when I point to the fish, do I want you to put your hand up.

So do you think the fish is up here?

No.

Is the fish over here?

Is the fish here?

Thank goodness for that.

(Laughter)

What about the bus?

Is the bus up here?

Is the bus down here?

You've got it, haven't you?

So, in fact you could remember any of them that I'd asked.

And even if I'd made it more complicated,

you probably could remember most of those drawings.

So drawing is a good way of remembering

and there's some terrific research around this.

A particular study was done at the University of Waterloo in Canada.

And what they did was they asked people to remember 30 words

and they gave them 40 seconds per word.

And they could either write the words for 40 seconds and list them.

So say a word like 'balloon'.

They were all simple words like that.

They wrote them.

Or the other task they were asked to do was draw a simple picture of it.

So there's my balloon.

Then they were given a sort of distraction task

like a kind of filler task that was to do with music, so completely different,

and then a surprise memory test.

What did they find?

What they found was that people typically remembered twice as many pictures

when they'd drawn them compared with when they'd written them.

So double the number of words were remembered when they'd been drawn.

I thought that was terrific, of course.

And the other thing I thought was really fascinating about it was:

the quality of the drawings didn't appear to matter.

In other words, people didn't need to be artistically brilliant

in order to create a drawing that stuck in their mind.

And they even looked at other ways of remembering to compare with drawing.

For example, they got people to visualize words,

they got people to write descriptions of words,

and they got people to look at pictures of words.

In every single case drawing always came out on top.

So drawing was a great way to remember that list of words.

And in my experience, drawing can help us to remember much more than lists.

We can remember facts,

we can remember abstract concept, even whole topics with drawing.

And I'd like to show you how we can do that.

One of the keys is to link a picture and a meaning.

So let me give you an example.

Here we go.

We've seen this before.

We've got our tree.

We could ask ourselves, "What does the tree mean?"

It could mean lots of things, couldn't it?

It might mean 'LIFE'.

It could mean 'GROWTH'.

It could mean 'STABILITY'.

And you could think of lots of other meanings.

And incidentally that's a fantastic thing about our drawing tool kit,

because once we can draw something like that tree

we can link it to many, many different concepts and ideas.

So it's useful to be able to use our visual tool kit in this way.

But of course, when we're trying to remember information,

we don't get the picture first.

We've got the information first or the concept

and then we have to think of a picture.

So we have to start getting used to thinking in pictures.

So, for example, if I said to you a concept such as 'innovation',

you might think, "What picture comes to mind?"

When I'm thinking of a spark, or I'm thinking of a light bulb,

we could think of many more.

So it's about thinking in pictures.

So let's get a bit of practice

at thinking in pictures.

Now, I could take any topic and I'm gonna pick a topic from biology.

And incidentally I am not a biologist,

but one of the things that I'm lead to believe is

that white blood cells

one of the things they are very good for is defending us against germs.

In fact, apparently they engulf bacteria and they render them totally harmless.

So really good to have white blood cells.

Let's think of what picture comes to mind.

You could think of lot's of things and, of course,

what's important is that the picture that you think of makes sense to you.

We're all individual.

But I was thinking of using my visual tool kit to create a little character.

That's a white blood cell. There it is.

And why is he looking so happy?

Well, he's looking particularly happy because

he's got a shield same shape as the fish

and it's got 'STOP' written on it.

And, there we are,

he's holding it up.

And the reason he's holding it up is because he's defending us.

And he's defending us against...

See this shape? A little bit like the tree.

But this time I'm gonna make it into a germ.

There he is.

Give him some legs.

And he's looking particularly unhappy

in fact, he's completely fed up because

he's got his arms in the air,

because he's surrendering.

He's been completely defeated by the white blood cell.

So once we've got a picture like that

we'll remember it.

And we could do things like add colour to pictures

which is great because the brain does love colour.

So let's take an example of an abstract concept.

Here's one.

'TRUST'.

We might think: "How could we possibly remember that or illustrate that?"

And people often say, "You need to draw a handshake."

Some of you might be thinking, "That's tricky to draw."

A little tip from me: there's always an easier picture.

And I'm gonna show you a picture that somebody came up with

on a workshop that I was running.

And it went like this.

Have you ever had the experience of someone else coming up with an idea

that you'd wished you'd thought up yourself?

(Laughter)

Because as he started drawing this, I thought, "This is so simple!"

You can see where I'm going with it, can't you?

A little figure on the top, there we are.

Helping us to remember 'TRUST'.

Ok. And here we go.

I wonder how well you can remember those seven pictures that we had earlier on.

I'd like you to take a blank piece of paper

and make sure you hide the original.

We'll do a little experiment here.

And I want you to just to draw the circle and the seven lines on that paper

and have about a minute to just start drawing in all the pictures

you can remember.

So I'll give you some time just starting from now.

Now, you may or may not get all of them, that's fine.

If you get stuck on one, just look at the flip chart

and pretend they're all there.

Just see if you can see them

in your mind.

You may want to put the numbers on.

There's a lot of concentrating going on.

Can help each other act a little bit there.

Just quick sketches are fine.

I can see a lot of activity down there.

Ok, so you've had about a minute,

just wherever you got to, that's fine.

You may have got some or you may have got all.

Sometimes people draw in a bit more detail, it takes a bit longer.

That's absolutely fine.

So here we go.

What I'd like you to do now is altogether just hold your pictures up facing me.

Hold them up!

All up!

Fantastic!

And I'm looking down here and wow!

I can see... We've got all on most I can see down the front here.

You can compare them with the flip chart here.

So... Ok. So there we are!

(Laughter)

Alright. So, we can actually... A bit of excitement about, isn't there?

(Laughter) We can actually all get used to drawing

and making information memorable with pictures.

And the great thing is what I'd invite you to do is to start using these skills

for yourself and for others.

You might have children, friends or colleagues.

And you could help them to use drawings to make learning memorable

because after all, we're all life-long learners

and the ability to draw can really expand our learning potential.

So I invite you to get your drawings out there and spread the word

that when we draw, we remember more!

Thank you!

(Applause)