Sejarah Bahasa Indonesia (Extended)

Summary

This video delves into the history and development of the Indonesian language, tracing its roots back to the Malay language, which served as a lingua franca in Southeast Asia. The script highlights key events such as the Sumpah Pemuda (1928), which officially established Indonesian as the nation's unifying language, and its subsequent recognition in the 1945 constitution. It also covers significant language reforms, including the introduction of new spelling systems and the formation of language congresses and institutions, which have played a crucial role in shaping and preserving the language over time.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Indonesian language has its roots in the Malay language, which spread across Southeast Asia with the advent of Islam.
• 😀 Malay became the lingua franca of the region, used for communication between different ethnic groups, traders, and kingdoms.
• 😀 Early inscriptions in Malay, found from the 7th century in places like Palembang and Jambi, are key historical evidence of the language’s importance.
• 😀 In 1928, the Indonesian Youth Pledge (Sumpah Pemuda) formally recognized Malay as the language of unity, later becoming Bahasa Indonesia.
• 😀 The simplicity of Malay, with no complex speech levels like in Javanese or Sundanese, contributed to its adoption as a common language.
• 😀 Bahasa Indonesia served as a bridge for communication among various ethnic groups across the archipelago, promoting national unity.
• 😀 After Indonesia’s independence in 1945, Bahasa Indonesia was officially declared the national language, enshrined in the Constitution.
• 😀 Various language congresses, such as those in 1938, 1972, and 1978, helped standardize and further develop Bahasa Indonesia.
• 😀 The establishment of institutions like Balai Bahasa in 1948 and later, the Pusat Bahasa, helped regulate and promote the use of Bahasa Indonesia.
• 😀 The language continued to evolve through various reforms, including the adoption of new spelling systems and its expansion in cultural and educational domains.

Q & A

What is the origin of the Indonesian language?

The Indonesian language originated from the Malay language, which spread across the Indonesian archipelago along with the spread of Islam. It became a lingua franca, facilitating communication between various ethnic groups and regions.

Why was Malay chosen as the basis for the Indonesian language?

Malay was chosen because it was already a widely used lingua franca for trade and communication across the archipelago. It was simple, easy to learn, and lacked the social hierarchies found in languages like Javanese and Sundanese.

What historical evidence supports the use of Malay in Southeast Asia?

Evidence includes inscriptions in ancient Malay found in various places like Kedukan Bukit (683 AD) and Talang Tuo (684 AD) in Palembang, written in the Pranagari script, which proves the use of Malay in Southeast Asia as early as the 7th century.

How did the youth movement contribute to the establishment of Indonesian as the national language?

During the Youth Pledge (Sumpah Pemuda) on October 28, 1928, Indonesian youth collectively decided to elevate Malay as the national language, uniting the diverse ethnic groups of Indonesia under one common language.

When was Indonesian officially recognized as the state language?

Indonesian was officially recognized as the state language on August 18, 1945, one day after Indonesia's independence declaration by Sukarno.

What were the key factors that contributed to the widespread acceptance of Malay as Indonesian?

Four key factors include: 1) Malay was already a lingua franca, 2) its simple grammatical structure, 3) its widespread use across various ethnic groups, and 4) its suitability for use in cultural and literary works.

What role did literature play in the development of Indonesian language?

Malay was used in literary works such as 'Siti Nurbaya' and later in the Pujangga Baru literary movement, which helped to shape and elevate the status of Indonesian as a language of culture and national identity.

What was the significance of the 1938 Congress of the Indonesian Language?

The 1938 Congress, held to mark the 10th anniversary of the Youth Pledge, resulted in key decisions like replacing the Van Ophuysen spelling system with a new one, establishing the Institute of Indonesian Language, and promoting Indonesian as a medium of instruction.

How did the Japanese occupation of Indonesia influence the use of Indonesian?

During the Japanese occupation (1942-1945), the Japanese authorities banned the use of Dutch and promoted Indonesian as the language of administration, education, and communication due to the difficulty of understanding the Japanese language.

What major language reforms occurred in the post-independence period?

After independence, several language reforms took place, including the introduction of the Republic Spelling System (Ejaan Republik) in 1947, the establishment of the Language Institute in 1948, and the introduction of the Enhanced Spelling System (EYD) in 1972, which further standardized and improved the use of Indonesian.