2021 | 3ª Série | Educação Física | Aula 48 - Aspectos Históricos da Capoeira

Summary

In this lesson, Professors Ketlin and Cláudia guide 3rd-grade students through the history of capoeira, a cultural form of resistance and self-defense. The lesson traces its origins from African slaves in Brazil, who disguised their combat techniques as dance to evade capture. They discuss its evolution, from prohibition during the early 20th century to its eventual recognition as a cultural heritage. The lesson also explores various capoeira styles, including Angola, Regional, and Contemporary, highlighting its cultural importance, physical benefits, and role in combatting racism today. Students are encouraged to reflect on capoeira's values and its impact on modern society.

Takeaways

• 😀 Capoeira is a form of Black resistance and an integral part of Brazilian culture, combining elements of dance, fight, and music.
• 😀 The origins of capoeira trace back to the 16th century when enslaved Africans developed it as a means of self-defense against their oppressors.
• 😀 The word 'capoeira' comes from the Tupi-Guarani language, meaning 'a place of the bush'—reflecting how runaway slaves would retreat to the woods.
• 😀 Enslaved Africans disguised capoeira as a dance to avoid punishment from Portuguese overseers, using it to maintain physical conditioning and readiness for resistance.
• 😀 Capoeira was banned in Brazil in 1890, as it was seen as a threat to colonial control. The ban lasted until the 1930s.
• 😀 In 1930, Mestre Bimba presented capoeira to President Getúlio Vargas, helping to legalize it as a national form of cultural expression.
• 😀 In 2014, UNESCO recognized capoeira as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, solidifying its importance as a cultural asset of Brazil.
• 😀 August 3rd is celebrated as Capoeira Day, honoring its history as a symbol of resistance against slavery and its ongoing cultural significance.
• 😀 There are three main types of capoeira: Angola, Regional, and Contemporary, each with distinct styles of movement and rhythm.
• 😀 Capoeira, especially in its contemporary form, is still widely practiced in Brazil, promoting physical fitness, coordination, and cultural identity.

Q & A

What is the primary objective of the lesson on capoeira?

The main goal of the lesson is to help students understand that capoeira is a form of Black resistance and a significant cultural practice in Brazil. The lesson also highlights its role in Brazilian body culture and movement.

How did capoeira originate historically?

Capoeira originated during the colonial period when enslaved Africans in Brazil used it as a means of self-defense and cultural preservation. They disguised it as a dance to avoid detection by slave hunters.

Why were the Indigenous peoples of Brazil mostly wiped out during the 16th century?

Indigenous peoples resisted enslavement by Portuguese colonizers, but the resistance led to violent conflicts, and approximately 75% of the Indigenous population was exterminated.

What term did the enslaved Africans use to refer to capoeira, and what does it mean?

The term 'capoeira' comes from the Tupi-Guarani word 'caa' meaning 'mato' (forest) and 'poera' meaning 'to clear,' reflecting their escape into the forests to resist slavery.

Why was capoeira banned in Brazil after independence?

Capoeira was banned in 1890 because it was considered a form of resistance, and authorities believed it posed a threat to the control of enslaved people. The practice was criminalized due to its association with rebellion.

How was capoeira disguised to avoid detection during its prohibition?

Capoeira was disguised as a dance to avoid detection by authorities. Its practitioners presented it as a form of cultural expression rather than a combat practice.

What role did Mestre Bimba play in the revival of capoeira?

Mestre Bimba is credited with reviving capoeira in the 1930s by presenting it to the Brazilian government as a legitimate cultural practice. He helped capoeira gain acceptance and legal recognition.

What did Getúlio Vargas do for capoeira in the 1930s?

In the 1930s, Getúlio Vargas helped reinstate capoeira as a respected cultural practice by issuing a decree that allowed capoeira to be practiced openly once again, recognizing it as an integral part of Brazilian heritage.

When did UNESCO recognize capoeira, and why is it important?

In 2014, UNESCO recognized capoeira as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, solidifying its status as a vital cultural practice in Brazil and globally.

What are the three main types of capoeira mentioned in the lesson?

The three main types of capoeira discussed are: Capoeira Angola, Capoeira Regional, and Contemporary Capoeira. Each type has unique characteristics, with Angola being grounded in African traditions, Regional being faster and more vigorous, and Contemporary being a blend of the two.