COMO FUNCIONA A JUSTIÇA NO BRASIL: Quais os órgãos do Poder Judiciário? Simplificamos para você!

Summary

This video explains the structure of the Brazilian judiciary, highlighting the different specialized courts, including the Labor, Electoral, and Military Courts. It also covers the Common Justice system, divided into Federal and State courts. The video breaks down the hierarchy and functions of each court, detailing how cases are handled at each level, from first to second instance. Additionally, it emphasizes the role of the Supreme Federal Court (STF) as the highest authority in constitutional matters. The video offers a comprehensive guide to understanding the Brazilian justice system and its various components.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Judiciary is one of the three branches of government in Brazil, alongside the Executive and Legislative branches.
• 😀 Anyone can access the Judiciary if they believe their rights have been violated.
• 😀 The Judiciary resolves conflicts and promotes social tranquility, as seen in cases like unpaid rent or salary disputes.
• 😀 The Brazilian Judiciary is divided into Common and Specialized Justice systems, each handling specific types of cases.
• 😀 Specialized Justice includes Labor, Electoral, and Military courts, each with its own set of responsibilities and processes.
• 😀 In Labor Court, cases are usually processed in the first instance by labor judges, with appeals handled by Regional Labor Courts.
• 😀 The Electoral Court oversees the election process, including vote counting, candidate registration, and electoral crime cases.
• 😀 Military Justice handles military crimes and is composed of Military Auditories at the first instance and the Superior Military Court for appeals.
• 😀 If a case does not fall under specialized courts, it will be handled by the Common Justice system, which is divided into Federal and State courts.
• 😀 Federal courts handle cases where the federal government or its entities are involved, with appeals handled by Federal Regional Courts and the Superior Court of Justice (STJ).
• 😀 State courts handle cases not covered by specialized or federal courts, with decisions made by local judges and appealed to State Courts of Justice, ultimately being reviewed by the STJ or the Supreme Federal Court (STF).

Q & A

What are the three branches of government in Brazil, and which one is responsible for resolving conflicts?

The three branches of government in Brazil are the Executive, the Legislative, and the Judicial. The Judicial branch is responsible for resolving conflicts and ensuring the rights of citizens are protected.

What is the main function of the Judiciary in Brazil?

The main function of the Judiciary in Brazil is to resolve conflicts and promote social peace by ensuring that people's rights are protected and upheld.

What are the three specialized courts in Brazil's judiciary system?

The three specialized courts in Brazil's judiciary system are the Labor Court, the Electoral Court, and the Military Court.

What kind of cases does the Labor Court in Brazil handle?

The Labor Court in Brazil handles cases related to workplace issues, such as disputes over unpaid wages, working hours, and employment conditions.

What is the structure of the Labor Court system in Brazil?

The Labor Court system consists of three levels: the first instance is handled by labor judges, the second instance by Regional Labor Courts (TRTs), and the highest level is the Superior Labor Court (TST), which standardizes legal interpretations in labor law.

What are the responsibilities of the Electoral Court in Brazil?

The Electoral Court is responsible for organizing elections, counting votes, and ensuring the legality of the electoral process, including addressing electoral crimes and disputes.

How is the Electoral Court structured in Brazil?

The Electoral Court is structured with local Electoral Judges in the first instance, Regional Electoral Courts (TREs) at the second instance, and the Superior Electoral Court (TSE) at the highest level.

What is the role of the Military Court in Brazil?

The Military Court in Brazil handles cases involving military personnel and crimes related to military service.

What is the difference between the Federal and State Judiciary in Brazil?

The Federal Judiciary handles cases involving the Federal Government or its entities, while the State Judiciary deals with cases not related to federal matters or specialized courts.

What is the role of the Superior Court of Justice (STJ) in Brazil?

The STJ is responsible for ensuring the uniform application of federal law and hearing appeals from Federal Regional Courts (TRFs) and State Courts of Justice (TJs). It also rules on civil and criminal cases that don't involve constitutional issues.