Drama Sejarah Kerajaan Mataram Islam || X IPA 8 (genap)

Summary

The script outlines the rise and fall of the Mataram Sultanate, focusing on the reign of Sultan Agung and the conflicts with the Dutch East India Company (VOC). It describes the kingdom’s agricultural success, military campaigns, and eventual division following internal strife. Sultan Agung’s failure to defeat the VOC led to a weakened Mataram, and after his death, the kingdom splintered further under the rule of his successor, Amangkurat I. The subsequent rebellion by Trunajaya and external interventions ultimately led to the fragmentation of the kingdom, marking the end of Mataram’s unity in the 18th century.

Takeaways

• 😀 Sultan Agung Hanyokrokusumo ruled the Kingdom of Mataram from 1613 to 1645, marking its golden era.
• 😀 Mataram's geography as an inland kingdom made it an agrarian society with a booming agricultural economy, especially rice production.
• 😀 Mataram became the leading rice exporter in its peak, but internal and external conflicts led to its downfall.
• 😀 Sultan Agung initially resisted the VOC's influence and their proposals to control the region, believing in Mataram's independence.
• 😀 In 1620, Mataram's primary target shifted to Surabaya, with multiple military expeditions occurring from 1620 to 1625.
• 😀 Despite Mataram's military efforts, a major attack on the VOC in 1629 failed due to difficult terrain, weakening the kingdom.
• 😀 VOC counterattacked by destroying Mataram's preparations and settlements, including rice storage centers in Karawang.
• 😀 Following the death of Sultan Agung in 1645, the Kingdom of Mataram fell into internal conflict and cooperation with the VOC under the leadership of Amangkurat I.
• 😀 Trunajaya, a rebel leader, opposed Amangkurat I's collaboration with the VOC, leading to a significant uprising against the royal family.
• 😀 The division of Mataram began with the Giyanti Agreement in 1755, splitting the kingdom into the Sultanate of Yogyakarta and Surakarta. This division continued with further treaties into smaller entities by the 19th century.

Q & A

What was the peak period of the Mataram Islamic Kingdom?

The peak of the Mataram Islamic Kingdom occurred during the reign of Sultan Agung Hanyokrokusumo, who ruled from 1613 to 1645.

Why did Mataram become an agrarian kingdom?

Mataram became an agrarian kingdom because of its location in the interior, with fertile soil that supported the growth of agriculture, which became the primary source of the kingdom's economy.

What economic product made Mataram an important player in trade?

Mataram became a major exporter of rice during its peak, which was a key economic product for the kingdom.

What caused the eventual fragmentation of the Mataram Islamic Kingdom?

The fragmentation of Mataram was caused by internal conflicts, including power struggles and external pressures, such as the conflict with the VOC (Dutch East India Company).

What was Sultan Agung’s relationship with the VOC?

Sultan Agung had a hostile relationship with the VOC, repeatedly attempting to attack them, though his efforts were unsuccessful due to strategic and military challenges.

What happened during the Mataram attack on VOC forces in 1629?

In 1629, Sultan Agung launched an attack on VOC forces, but the campaign failed due to the difficult terrain that hampered Mataram's military efforts.

What was the significance of the destruction of houses in Karawang by the VOC?

The destruction of houses in Karawang by the VOC was a strategic move to weaken Mataram's position by eliminating important infrastructure and resources for the kingdom.

How did the leadership of Mataram change after the death of Sultan Agung?

After Sultan Agung's death in 1645, his son Amangkurat I took over the leadership but later collaborated with the VOC, leading to internal conflicts and rebellions such as the one led by Trunajaya.

What was the outcome of Trunajaya’s rebellion against Mataram?

Trunajaya's rebellion was successful, leading to the overthrow of Amangkurat I, who fled and eventually died, after which his son Amangkurat II took over the throne.

What was the significance of the Giyanti Agreement in 1755?

The Giyanti Agreement, signed in 1755, split the Mataram Sultanate into two separate kingdoms: the Sultanate of Yogyakarta, led by Mangkubumi, and the Sultanate of Surakarta, led by Pakubuwono III, marking a major division in the region’s power structure.