Lintang Gisela Zahra Asworo/ XI-1/ 20/ Perlawanan Sultan Agung Hanyorokusumo terhadap VOC

Summary

This presentation discusses Sultan Agung Hanyokrowati of Mataram and his resistance against the VOC (Dutch East India Company) in the 17th century. The speaker outlines Sultan Agung’s background, his goals to unite Java and expel foreign powers, and the reasons for his military campaigns against the VOC in 1628 and 1629. Despite careful planning, both attempts fail due to logistical challenges, such as food shortages, disease, and superior Dutch weaponry. The presentation provides an insightful analysis of the factors contributing to the failure of these assaults and the broader implications of Mataram's resistance efforts.

Takeaways

• 😀 Sultan Agung, the ruler of Mataram, ascended the throne in 1613 at the age of 20.
• 😀 Sultan Agung's primary goals were to unify the entire island of Java under Mataram's rule and expel foreign powers from the region.
• 😀 The VOC's monopolistic trade practices in Indonesia created tension with Mataram, as they hindered Mataram's trade activities, particularly with Malacca.
• 😀 The first military campaign against the VOC occurred in 1628, where Mataram forces, led by Tumenggung Bauraksa, attacked Batavia but were defeated due to the superior weaponry of the VOC.
• 😀 Sultan Agung's forces suffered significant losses in the first battle, including the death of their leader, Tumenggung Bauraksa.
• 😀 Sultan Agung launched a second campaign in 1629 to again challenge the VOC, but this also ended in failure.
• 😀 The VOC countered Sultan Agung’s second attack by destroying critical food supplies and using superior artillery, weakening Mataram’s forces.
• 😀 During the second battle, Mataram forces managed to capture the Dutch fort at Bomel, but they could not hold the position.
• 😀 The death of VOC Governor-General Pieter de Carpentier in 1629 briefly revitalized Mataram’s morale, but they were ultimately pushed back due to lack of resources and reinforcements.
• 😀 Several factors contributed to Mataram's repeated failures, including the destruction of food supplies, outbreaks of disease among soldiers, and logistical difficulties due to the vast distance between Mataram and Batavia.

Q & A

Who was Sultan Agung and what role did he play in Indonesian history?

Sultan Agung Hanyokrowati was the ruler of the Mataram Sultanate from 1613 to 1645. He is known for his efforts to unite Java under Mataram's rule and for his military campaigns against the Dutch East India Company (VOC) in an attempt to expel foreign powers from Indonesia.

When did Sultan Agung ascend to the throne of Mataram, and at what age?

Sultan Agung ascended to the throne of Mataram in 1613 at the age of 20.

What were the main goals of Sultan Agung's reign?

Sultan Agung's main goals were to unify all of Java under Mataram's control and to expel foreign powers, particularly the Dutch, from Indonesia.

Why did Mataram attack the VOC?

Mataram attacked the VOC for several reasons: the VOC hindered Mataram's trade routes to Malacca, refused to acknowledge Mataram's sovereignty, and its presence in Batavia posed a threat to Mataram's unity and control.

What were the key factors that led to the failure of Sultan Agung's first campaign against the VOC in 1628?

The key factors for the failure of the first campaign in 1628 were the superior military strength of the VOC, including their advanced weaponry, and the death of Tumenggung Bawuksa, the commander of Mataram’s forces.

How did Sultan Agung prepare for the first campaign against the VOC?

Sultan Agung prepared for the first campaign by blocking nearly all of Java’s coastlines and assembling a large fleet of 50 ships with supplies, under the leadership of Tumenggung Bawuksa.

What happened during the second campaign against the VOC in 1629?

In the second campaign of 1629, despite initial successes like capturing the Bombell Fortress, Mataram forces suffered due to destroyed food supplies, the spread of disease, and the VOC’s superior weaponry. The campaign ended in failure, with Mataram being forced to retreat.

What was the significance of the death of VOC General P. Koen in 1629?

The death of VOC General P. Koen in 1629 temporarily boosted the morale of Mataram's forces, but despite this, the VOC's military superiority eventually led to the failure of the second campaign.

What were the reasons for the failure of Sultan Agung's campaigns against the VOC?

The failures of Sultan Agung's campaigns were due to destroyed food supplies by the VOC, the outbreak of disease among Mataram’s soldiers, the mismatch in military strength, and the long and exhausting distances between Mataram and Batavia.

What were the broader historical impacts of Sultan Agung's resistance against the VOC?

Sultan Agung's resistance against the VOC, although unsuccessful, played a significant role in the history of Indonesian resistance to foreign colonial powers. His efforts to defend Mataram and resist Dutch control are an important part of the early resistance movements in Indonesia.