Metodologi dalam Sosiologi

Summary

In this educational video, Samsulbahri, a sociology lecturer, introduces fundamental sociological concepts, including ontology, epistemology, and axiology, and their relevance to sociological inquiry. He discusses research methodologies in sociology, contrasting quantitative methods (like surveys and experiments) with qualitative methods (such as case studies and ethnography). The video delves into the differences between these research approaches, including sampling techniques and data analysis, while emphasizing the importance of ethical perspectives in sociological research. The content provides a comprehensive overview of sociological research methods and their practical application.

Takeaways

• 😀 Ontology in sociology refers to the study of the nature of existence and what constitutes reality in society. The focus is on understanding society as the object of study.
• 😀 Epistemology in sociology focuses on the theories and methods of knowledge, examining how sociology gathers and understands information through qualitative and quantitative methods.
• 😀 Axiology in sociology deals with the practical applications and the value of sociological knowledge in society, emphasizing ethics and usefulness.
• 😀 Sociology methodology is divided into two major approaches: qualitative and quantitative methods, both essential for different types of research and insights.
• 😀 Qualitative research in sociology prioritizes in-depth, descriptive analysis of social phenomena, and uses methods like interviews and observations to capture complex, subjective experiences.
• 😀 Quantitative research in sociology involves numerical data and statistical analysis, aiming to measure and quantify patterns, relationships, and trends in social behavior.
• 😀 There are several types of research designs in sociology, such as cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, laboratory and field experiments, and observational studies.
• 😀 Laboratory experiments in sociology involve controlled environments where participants' behaviors are observed and studied under specific conditions.
• 😀 Field experiments, on the other hand, take place outside of a controlled environment, where researchers introduce new stimuli to observe natural reactions in real-world settings.
• 😀 The distinction between quantitative and qualitative research lies in their data types, methods of analysis, and how they approach understanding social phenomena, with quantitative emphasizing objectivity and measurement, while qualitative highlights subjective experience and meaning-making.

Q & A

What is the definition of ontology in sociology?

Ontology in sociology refers to the study of the nature of existence or reality. It examines the nature and existence of society, addressing the fundamental questions of what exists and how social phenomena can be categorized.

What is epistemology and its relevance to sociology?

Epistemology in sociology is the branch of philosophy concerned with the theory of knowledge. It focuses on the methods, validity, and scope of knowledge in social sciences, helping to define how sociological knowledge is acquired and validated.

How does axiological thinking relate to sociology?

Axiology in sociology is concerned with the value of knowledge in human life. It explores the practical utility and ethical implications of sociological research, addressing the benefits and consequences of applying sociological knowledge.

What are the two main methods in sociological research methodology?

The two main methods in sociological research are qualitative and quantitative research. Qualitative research focuses on non-numeric data and understanding phenomena through descriptions, while quantitative research uses numerical data for measurement and analysis.

What is the difference between cross-sectional and longitudinal studies?

Cross-sectional studies involve observing a sample from a specific area at a single point in time. Longitudinal studies track changes over an extended period, observing the same subjects or phenomena across different time intervals.

How does laboratory experimentation differ from field experimentation in sociology?

Laboratory experimentation involves controlling subjects in a controlled environment where researchers manipulate variables, while field experimentation takes place in real-world settings where researchers observe and influence natural behaviors.

What are the main distinctions between qualitative and quantitative research perspectives?

Quantitative research takes an objective perspective, focusing on measurable data and statistical analysis. Qualitative research, on the other hand, is subjective, emphasizing deep understanding and descriptive accounts of social phenomena from a more holistic viewpoint.

What types of data are used in qualitative versus quantitative research?

Quantitative research uses numerical data that can be measured and analyzed statistically. Qualitative research, however, relies on non-numeric data such as interview responses, observations, and case studies to understand and interpret social phenomena.

What are some examples of qualitative research techniques?

Qualitative research techniques include in-depth interviews, focus group discussions (FGD), participant observation, and case studies. These methods help gather rich, descriptive data about social behaviors and experiences.

What ethical perspectives are important in both qualitative and quantitative research?

In quantitative research, the researcher should minimize their personal bias (ethical perspective) to maintain objectivity. In qualitative research, it is crucial to emphasize the emic perspective, focusing on the understanding and interpretation from the participants' point of view, while keeping the researcher's own biases in check.