Ontologi, Epistemologi, dan Aksiologi || Filsafat Ilmu

Summary

In a presentation by Group 7 of Class 24 in Management, students explore key philosophical concepts: ontology, epistemology, and axiology. Yayang Wawan Setiawan discusses ontology, highlighting its focus on existence and the nature of being, illustrated through Thales' idea that water is fundamental. Nabila Nur Azizah explains epistemology, the study of knowledge and its acquisition, differentiating between scientific and non-scientific knowledge. Erik Rizali concludes with axiology, examining values and ethics in relation to knowledge application, particularly in economics. The session emphasizes the interconnectedness of these philosophical branches in understanding human experience.

Takeaways

• 😀 Ontology studies the nature of existence and what it means for something to 'be'.
• 😀 The term 'ontology' comes from Greek words meaning 'being' and 'study'.
• 😀 Ancient philosopher Thales proposed that water is the fundamental substance of all things.
• 😀 Plato's concept of ideas suggests that true existence is found in the realm of ideas, not just physical forms.
• 😀 Ontology encourages critical thinking about the distinction between appearance and reality.
• 😀 Epistemology deals with the nature and scope of knowledge, questioning how we know what we know.
• 😀 The study of epistemology is divided into categories such as empirical and rational knowledge.
• 😀 There are two types of knowledge: scientific (systematic) and non-scientific (pre-scientific).
• 😀 Axiology focuses on the study of values and ethics, evaluating what is considered good or bad.
• 😀 The interplay between ontology, epistemology, and axiology is crucial for understanding scientific disciplines.

Q & A

What is ontology and its significance in philosophy?

Ontology is the study of existence and being. It is significant because it addresses fundamental questions about the nature of reality, helping to differentiate between what appears to exist and what truly does.

Who was Thales, and what was his contribution to ontology?

Thales was an ancient Greek philosopher who proposed that the essence of all things is water. His inquiry into the fundamental nature of existence marked a critical point in philosophical thought.

How does ontology help us understand reality?

Ontology encourages critical examination of what we perceive as real, prompting questions about existence and leading to deeper insights into the nature of the world.

What does epistemology study?

Epistemology studies the nature and scope of knowledge, including how knowledge is acquired, what constitutes justified belief, and the distinction between scientific and non-scientific knowledge.

What are the two main types of knowledge discussed in epistemology?

The two main types are scientific knowledge, which is systematic and empirical, and non-scientific knowledge, which is often based on personal experience or intuition.

What role do methods play in epistemology?

Methods in epistemology, such as empiricism and rationalism, are essential for acquiring knowledge systematically and justifying beliefs through logical reasoning or sensory experience.

What is axiology, and what does it focus on?

Axiology is the study of values, focusing on ethics (what is good or bad) and aesthetics (the nature of beauty). It examines how knowledge is applied and the moral implications of that application.

How does axiology relate to scientific inquiry?

Axiology informs the ethical standards and values that guide scientific inquiry, ensuring that knowledge is used responsibly and for the benefit of society.

What are the two components of axiology mentioned in the transcript?

The two components are ethics, which deals with moral principles and behaviors, and aesthetics, which concerns the study of beauty and harmony.

Why is it important to understand ontology, epistemology, and axiology together?

Understanding these branches of philosophy together provides a comprehensive framework for examining reality, knowledge, and values, which are crucial for informed decision-making in various fields.